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Micro Term 4 > Hepatitis B, C & E and Parasites > Flashcards

Hepatitis B, C & E and Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

describe Hep C

A

non-A, non-B post-transfusion

Flaviviridae

enveloped, circular (+) ssRNA

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2
Q

why is it difficult to make a vaccine for Hep C?

A

Hep C carries its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase which is error prone → increased mutations → many different variants

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3
Q

the target of Hep C is ____ and ____

A

the target of Hep C is hepatocytes and B-cells

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4
Q

describe the replication of Hep C

A

undergoes replication using a (-) RNA as an intermediate

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5
Q

uptake of Hep C is facilitated by a ____

A

uptake of Hep C is facilitated by a lipoprotein coat

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6
Q

HCV inhibits ___ and ___ action which leads to…. (3 results)

A

HCV inhibits apoptosis and IFN-gamma action which leads to:

  • prevent cell death
  • inhibits host protections
  • promote persistent infection
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7
Q

list the 3 modes of transmission for Hep C

A
  • parenteral: IV drug users, acupuncture, tattooing, health workers (increased risk)
  • sexual contact (uncommon): high risk activity
    • coinfection of HIV increases transmission
  • perinatal: mother (HCV-Ab+) → infant
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8
Q

describe the pathogenesis of HCV

A
  • HCV inhibits apoptosis → persistent infxn → liver disease
  • HCV inhibits IFN-gamma action → chronic infxn
  • HCV-Ab is not protective
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9
Q

____ is the gold standard for HCV diagnosis

A

RNA genome detection (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for HCV diagnosis

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10
Q

describe the prevention of HCV

A
  • blood and organ donor screening
  • universal blood and bodily fluid precautions
  • no vaccine
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11
Q

describe hepatitis D virus

A

delta agent

enveloped, circular (-ve) ssRNA (rod shaped)

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12
Q

describe the L and S antigen of HDV

A
  • L antigen suppresses HBV replication
  • S antigen transactivates HDV RNA replication
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13
Q

describe the replication of HDV

A
  • HDV requires replicating HBV
  • HBV provides viral coat (HBsAg + delta antigen) for HDV
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14
Q

describe what acute HDV infection can progress to

A
  • acute → fulminant hepatitis, cirrhosis, chronic HDV infection
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15
Q

HDV only replicates/causes disease in individuals with ____

A

HDV only replicates/causes disease in individuals with active HBV

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16
Q

describe coinfection and superinfection

A
  • coinfection: both HBV + delta agent
    • HBV establish first for delta agent replication
  • superinfection: chronic HBV infected with delta agent
    • rapid disease progression
17
Q

describe HEV

A

enteric, non-A, non-B

similar to Calciviruses

non-enveloped (+ve) ssRNA

18
Q

describe the pathogenesis of HEV

A
  • HEV infxns are usually self-limiting, only acute disease
  • HEV infection in pregnant women can lead to fulminant hepatitis
19
Q

HEV infection in ______ can lead to fulminant hepatitis

A

HEV infection in pregnant women can lead to fulminant hepatitis

20
Q

HEV infection in pregnant women can lead to ____

A

HEV infection in pregnant women can lead to fulminant hepatitis

21
Q

describe the Fasciola spp.

A
  • sheep liver fluke
  • fascioliasis
    • definitive host: sheep and cattle
    • intermediate host: snail
    • human incidental hosts: contaminated water and watercress
22
Q

in a Fasciola spp. infection, mammals ingest ___

A

in a Fasciola spp. infection, mammals ingest metacercariae

23
Q

the diagnostic form of Fasciola spp. is ___ in feces

A

the diagnostic form of Fasciola spp. is eggs in feces

24
Q

describe the acute vs. chronic phase of Fasciola spp. infection

A
  • acute phase (2-4 months, migration of larvae)
    • generalized allergic/toxic reactions; fever, generalized or RUQ pain, hepatomegaly, loss of appetite, flatulence, nausea and diarrhea, cough, SOB, chest pain, urticaria
  • chronic phase
    • biliary colic, nausea, intolerance to fatty food, RUQ pain, epigastric pain, obstructive jaundice, pruritus, biliary lithiasis, blockade in biliary tract and inflammation of gallbladder
25
Q

in the US, which is the only Fasciola spp. that is found?

A

USA: F. hepatica only

26
Q

to prevent Fasciola spp. infection, avoid ____

A

to prevent Fasciola spp. infection, avoid watercress (uncooked vegetation)

27
Q

describe Clonorchis sinensis

A

Chinese liver fluke

  • foodborne zoonosis
  • intermediate host: snail
  • 2nd intermediate host: freshwater fish
  • reservoir hosts: contaminated freshwater fish
28
Q

infection with Clonorchis is caused by ingestion of ____

A

infection with Clonorchis is caused by ingestion of metacercariae

29
Q

diagnosis of Clonorchis infection is by seeing ___ in the feces

A

diagnosis of Clonorchis infection is by seeing eggs in the feces

30
Q

describe the clinical presentation of a Clonorchis infection

Micro Term 4 (33 decks)

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