GI III

Question 1

name the top 4 pathogens commonly linked with causing food associated illness

Answer 1

(the blue ones are the top 4 bacterial causes in the US)

Question 2

describe acute non-inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 2

• acute: <2 weeks duration
  
  • non-inflammatory: watery, non-bloody
    
    • mucosal hypersecretion, decreased absorption without mucosal destruction
    • abrupt onset, fever and systemic symptoms usually absent
      
      • viruses, non-invasive bacteria

Question 3

describe acute inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 3

• acute: <2 weeks duration
  
  • inflammatory: blood-pus, fever
    
    • mucosal invasion with resulting inflammation
    • usually large intestine
    • invasive bacteria, toxin-producing bacteria

Question 4

persistent diarrhea lasts for ____ weeks duration

Answer 4

persistent diarrhea lasts for 2-4 weeks duration

Question 5

chronic diarrhea lasts for ___ weeks duration

what causes this?

Answer 5

chronic diarrhea lasts for >4 weeks duration

• medication, non-infectious, parasites
  
  • secretory, osmotic, steathorrheal, inflammatory, dysmotile factitial, iatrogenic

Question 6

stool investigations

____ indicates inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 6

stool lactoferrin WBCs indicates inflammatory diarrhea

**tests for invasive bacteria**

Question 7

stool investigations

____ is used for parasitic infections

Answer 7

ova & parasites (O&P) is used for parasitic infections (or Giardia antigen)

Question 8

stool investigations

stool culture is done for…. (3 organisms)

Answer 8

stool culture is done for:

Campylobacter

Salmonella

Shigella

Question 9

stool investigation

____ is used to determine if there is lactose intolerance/laxative use

Answer 9

stool osmolar gap is used to determine if there is lactose intolerance/laxative use

Question 10

stool investigation

____ is used to indicate if there is chronic diarrhea

Answer 10

fecal fat (malabsorption) is used to indicate if there is chronic diarrhea

Question 11

normally, ____ is used until normal rehydration is restored

Answer 11

normally, oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is used until normal rehydration is restored

Question 12

____ is used when a patient is in shock, exhaustion precluding oral feeding and oral rehydration failure

Answer 12

intravenous rehydation is used when a patient is in shock, exhaustion precluding oral feeding and oral rehydration failure

Question 13

____ reduce fluid loss and aids in the effectiveness of ORT

Answer 13

antiemetic drugs reduce fluid loss and aids in the effectiveness of ORT

Question 14

antidiarrheal drugs, although rarely successful , reduces ____ and allows accumulation of _____

Answer 14

antidiarrheal drugs, although rarely successful , reduces gut motility and allows accumulation of fluid

Question 15

describe the difference between food-poisoning (toxemia) and food-associated infections (food-borne)

Answer 15

• food-poisoning: toxemia
  
  • consumption of food containing toxins (chemical or microbial)
    
    • ONLY S. aureus, B. cereus, C. botulinum
• food-associated infection (food-borne)
  
  • consumption of food containing organism (acts as vehicle for entry)
    
    • a wide variety of organisms