GI Persistent/Chronic Diarrhea II

Question 1

Trichuris trichiuria is also known as a ____

Answer 1

Trichuris trichiuria is also known as a whipworm (nematode)

Question 2

list the clinical manifestations of Trichuris trichiuria infection

Answer 2

• clinical manifestations:
  
  • asymptomatic (peripheral blood eosinophilia)
  • children: iron deficiency, growth retardation
    
    • inflamed mucosa, abdominal pain, diarrhea
    • may develop Trichuris dysentery

Question 3

describe the clinical manifestations of Trichuris in children

Answer 3

• children: iron deficiency, growth retardation
  
  • inflamed mucosa, abdominal pain, diarrhea
  • may develop Trichuris dysentery

Question 4

Trichuris infection is caused by ingestion of ____

Answer 4

Trichuris infection is caused by ingestion of eggs

Question 5

diagnosis of Trichuria is by seeing ___ in the feces

Answer 5

diagnosis of Trichuria is by seeing eggs in the feces

Question 6

the diagnostic eggs in the feces in a Trichuria infection looks like ____

Answer 6

the diagnostic eggs in the feces in a Trichuria infection looks like unembryonated eggs that are barrel-shaped with 2 plugged ends

Question 7

Enterobius vermicularis is also known as ____

Answer 7

Enterobius vermicularis is also known as pinworm (nematode)

Question 8

___ is the most common helminth infection in the US and commonly occurs in ____ (2 populations)

Answer 8

Enterobius vermicularis is the most common helminth infection in the US and commonly occurs in children (5-14 yrs) and the institutionalized

Question 9

clinical manifestations of an Enterobius infection is ____

Answer 9

mainly asymptomatic

but it can also cause perianal/perineal pruritus (scratching) leading to restless sleep

Question 10

the eggs of Enterobius typically get underneath an individual’s _____

Answer 10

the eggs of Enterobius typically get underneath an individual’s fingernails

Question 11

describe the eggs seen in Enterobius infection

Answer 11

oval-shaped eggs with 1 side flattened

Question 12

infection with Enterobius is caused by ingestion of ____

Answer 12

infection with Enterobius is caused by ingestion of eggs

Question 13

the diagnosis of Enterobius is done with _____

Answer 13

the diagnosis of Enterobius is done with sticky-tape for eggs, (looking for oval-shaped with 1 side flattened eggs)

Question 14

describe how the Sketchy relates to Enterobius

Answer 14

Question 15

Diphyllobothrium latum is also known as the ____

Answer 15

Diphyllobothrium latum is also known as the fish tapeworm (cestode)

Question 16

the intermediate host for Diphyllobothrium latum are ____

Answer 16

the intermediate host for Diphyllobothrium latum are undercooked freshwater fish

Question 17

describe clinical manifestations of an infection with Diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 17

• clinical manifestations:
  
  • constipation/diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue, weight loss
  • prolonged infection = 3-4 yrs → megaloblastic anemia

Question 18

a prolonged infection with Diphyllobothrium latum can lead to _____

Answer 18

prolonged infection (3-4 yrs): megaloblastic anemia (dissociates the B12 intrinsic factor)

Question 19

infection with Diphyllobothrium latum is caused by the ingestion of ___ found in ____

Answer 19

infection with Diphyllobothrium latum is caused by the ingestion of larva found in uncooked fish

Question 20

diagnosis of Diphyllobothrium latum is with ____ in the feces

Answer 20

diagnosis of Diphyllobothrium latum is with unembryonated eggs in the feces

Question 21

Hymenolepsis nana is also known as ____

Answer 21

Hymenolepsis nana is also known as dwarf tapeworm (Cyclophyllidean cestode)

Question 22

Hymenolepsis nana, aka _____, is the only tapeworm that does _____

Answer 22

Hymenolepsis nana, aka dwarf tapeworm, is the only tapeworm that does human-to-human transmission

Question 23

____ is the most prevalent tapeworm worldwide

Answer 23

Hymenolepsis nana is the most prevalent tapeworm worldwide

Question 24

Hymenolepsis nana in the US is commonly found in ____ (3 populations)

Answer 24

Hymenolepsis nana in the US is commonly found in:

• institutionalized
• malnourished
• immunocompromised

Question 25

list the clinical manifestations of Hymenolepsis nana

Answer 25

anal itching, diarrhea, headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness, weight loss

Question 26

Hymenolepsis nana infection is caused by ingestion of \_\_\_\_

Answer 26

Hymenolepsis nana infection is caused by ingestion of **infected insects/food**

Question 27

the diagnosis of Hymenolepsis nana infection is by seeing ___ in the feces

Answer 27

the diagnosis of Hymenolepsis nana infection is by seeing **eggs** in the feces

Question 28

Ascaris lumbricoides is also known as \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 28

Ascaris lumbricoides is also known as **roundworm**

Question 29

describe the clinical manifestations of Ascaris infection

Answer 29

* asymptomatic * **pulmonary symptoms**: small proportion * Loeffler's syndrome

Question 30

Ascaris infection is caused by ingestion of ____ and diagnosis of Ascaris infection is made by seeing ____ in the feces

Answer 30

Ascaris infection is caused by ingestion of **eggs** and diagnosis of Ascaris infection is made by seeing **nodular eggs** in the feces

Question 31

describe how the Sketchy relates to Ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 31

Question 32

Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus are also called \_\_\_\_

Answer 32

Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus are also called **hookworm (nematode)**

Question 33

Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus can lead to ___ and \_\_\_\_

Answer 33

Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus can lead to **iron deficiency** and **protein energy malnutrition**

Question 34

the adults worms of Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus can lead to ___ and \_\_\_\_

Answer 34

the adults worms of Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus can lead to **chronic abdominal pain and eosinphilia**

Question 35

infection with Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus is caused by ____ penetrating the \_\_\_\_

Answer 35

infection with Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus is caused by **filariform larvae** penetrating the **skin (soles of feet)**

Question 36

in an Ancylostoma and Necator infection, the larvae enter circulation to ___ and penetrate the \_\_\_\_

Answer 36

in an Ancylostoma and Necator infection, the larvae enter circulation to **lungs** and penetrate the **alveoli where they enter the trachea and become swallowed**

Question 37

diagnosis of Ancylostoma & Necator infection is by seeing \_\_\_-shaped ____ in the feces

Answer 37

diagnosis of Ancylostoma & Necator infection is by seeing **football**-shaped **eggs** in the feces

Question 38

describe how the Sketchy relates to Ancylostoma and Necator

Answer 38

Question 39

Strongyloides stercoralis is also called a \_\_\_\_

Answer 39

Strongyloides stercoralis is also called a **threadworm**

Question 40

describe the clinical manifestations of a Strongyloides infection

Answer 40

* clinical manifestations: * **localized urticarial rashes** * **pulmonary, eosinophilia** * diarrhea & abdominal pain

Question 41

in a Strongyloides infection, diagnosis is made by seeing ____ in the feces

Answer 41

in a Strongyloides infection, diagnosis is made by seeing **rhabditiform larvae** in the feces

Question 42

describe how the Sketchy relates to Strongyloides

Answer 42

Question 43

describe the egg of Trichuris trichiura

Answer 43

Question 44

describe the egg of Enterobius vermicularis

Answer 44

Question 45

describe the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 45

Question 46

describe the eggs of Hookworms (Ancylostoma and Necator)

Answer 46