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Micro Term 4 > RTI V > Flashcards

RTI V Flashcards

1
Q

describe acute bronchitis

A
  • inflammation of the bronchi due to upper airway infxn
  • cough lasting more than 5 days (1-3 weeks)
  • indistinguishable from URI in the first few days
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2
Q

describe croup (laryngotracheitis/laryngotracheobronchitis)

A
  • symptoms of common cold PLUS:
  • resp. illness characterized by:
    • inspiratory stridor
    • cough (barking cough - infants and young children)
    • hoarseness (predominant in older children and adults)
  • inflammation in the larynx and sub-glottic area
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3
Q

the most common cause of croup is ____

A

the most common cause of croup is viruses - HPIV-1

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4
Q

describe the image

A
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5
Q

describe the paramyxoviridae and pneumoviridae subfamilies

A
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6
Q

describe the classification of paramyxoviridae

A
  • negative sense, ssRNA genome in helical nucleocapsid
  • enveloped
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7
Q

describe the role of the F protein in human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) which is part of the paramyxoviridae family

A
  • fusion factor (F) - F protein
    • involved in viral entry
    • antibodies against F protein = neutralizing
    • syncytia formation
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8
Q

name predisposing factors to HPIV infection

A
  • predisposing factors
    • malnutrition
    • overcrowding
    • vit. A def.
    • lack of breastfeeding
    • environmental smoke or toxins
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9
Q

name the disease and the type of HPIV associated with it

A
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10
Q

describe the key viral proteins found in HPIV

A

HPIV = linear ss (-) sense RNA

  • key viral proteins:
    • P and F = immune evasion
    • F protein = role in syncytium formation
    • HN protein = structural hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activity
    • L protein = multifunctional polymerase
    • M = matrix structural protein
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11
Q

describe the role of P and F protein

A

P and F protein (non-structural protein): role in evasion of immune response

  • functions:
    • plays an essential role in the inhibition of host immune response
    • prevents the establishment of cellular antiviral state by blocking interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) production and signaling pathway
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12
Q

describe bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of the bronchioles and small bronchi

  • < 2 years of age; fall and winter
  • URI symptoms followed by LRT infxn with inflammation, resulting in wheezing and/or crackles (rales)
  • causative pathogen (virus) infects terminal bronchiolar epithelial cells → direct damage and inflammation
    • edema, excessive mucus, sloughed epithelial cells → obstruction of small airways and atelectasis
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13
Q

the most common cause of bronchiolitis is _____

A

the most common cause of bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

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14
Q

name risk factors for bronchiolitis

A
  • risk factors:
    • prematurity, low birth weight, congenital heart disease, chronic pulm. disease
    • passive smoking, overcrowding, day care
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15
Q

describe clinical features of bronchiolitis

A
  • begins with URT symptoms, followed by LRT signs and symptoms
  • symptoms and signs:
    • fever
    • cough
    • resp. distress (increased RR, retractions, WHEEZING, crackles)
    • preceding history of URI (nasal congestion and/or discharge)
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16
Q

____ is the leading cause of LRTIs in infants and young children

A

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of LRTIs in infants and young children

17
Q

describe the biology of RSV

A
  • family = Pneumoviridae (formerly paramyxoviridae)
    • genetic material = linear ss (-) sense RNA
  • enveloped
  • helical nucleocapsid
  • virally-encoded surface proteins:
    • fusion factor (peplomer): main viral antigen
    • G glycoprotein: involved in attachment
      • 2 subgroups: A & B
  • lacks glycoprotein with HN activity
18
Q

name risk factors for RSV

A

similar to bronchiolitis

  • underlying lung disease
  • premature birth (<35 weeks)
  • congenital heart disease
  • passive smoking
  • Down syndrome
19
Q

describe the pathogenesis of RSV

A
  • entry is via epithelia of nose and eye
  • F & G proteins mediate attachment; F mediates membrane fusion
  • primary site of replication = nasopharyngeal epithelium
    • direct cytopathic effect → loss of function
20
Q

the primary site of replication of RSV is the ____

A

the primary site of replication of RSV is the nasopharyngeal epithelium

21
Q

Bordatella pertussis is a (G+ve/G-ve) ____ (shape)

A

Bordatella pertussis is a G-ve coccobacillus

22
Q

Bordatella pertussis typically occurs in _____ and ___ are important as reservoirs

A

Bordatella pertussis typically occurs in unvaccinated children and adults are important as reservoirs

23
Q

describe the clinical course of whooping cough

A
24
Q

describe the pathogenesis of Bordatella pertussis

A
25
Q

describe lab diagnosis of Bordatella pertussis

A
26
Q

describe the types of vaccines against Bordatella pertussis

A
27
Q

describe the Sketchy

A

Micro Term 4 (33 decks)

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