Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Pathology > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • hypodermis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are skin disorders common?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are skin disorders diverse?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is skin an organ?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is the skin a complex organ?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is the skin the largest organ?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which layer of skin: water resistant

A

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the epidermis made up of?

A
  • 4-5 sublayers

- closely packed cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the dermis made up of?

A

-Contains connective tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the hypodermis made up of?

A
  • subcutaneous tissue
  • connective tissue
  • blood vessels
  • nerve cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the epidermis?

A
  • First line of defense

- cell renewal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the dermis?

A

-Houses the bodies:

  • hair follicles
  • sweat glands
  • blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the hypodermis?

A

-Where fat is deposited and stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bulla

A
  • Circumscribed
  • Collection of free fluid
  • > 1 cm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Macule

A
  • Circumscribed
  • flat
  • distinguished from surrounding skin by color
  • < 5mm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nodule

A
  • circular
  • elevated
  • solid lesion
  • > 1 cm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Patch

A
  • circumscribed
  • flat
  • discoloration
  • > 1cm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Papule

A
  • Elevated
  • Dome shaped
  • flat topped
  • < 5mm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Plaque

A
  • Elevated
  • flat
  • topped
  • > 5mm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pustule

A
  • Discrete
  • pus filled
  • raised
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Vesicle

A
  • Fluid filled raised

- < 5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Wheal

A
  • Itchy
  • transient
  • elevated
  • variable blanching and erythema
  • dermal edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Scale

A
  • epidermal thickening
  • flakes
  • compacted layers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Crust

A

-dried serum or exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fissure

A

-crack or split

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

As a clinician what is important to do regarding skin lesions?

A

write a description of a rash that you see on a client

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why is it important to write an accurate description of a skin lesion as a clinician?

A

When follow up occurs- another provider after you should be able to read your note and visibly see it in their head before they even see the client

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a tip to help accurately identify skin lesions?

A

print off a list of skin lesions and descriptions and keep it with you at your desk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Example # 1:

  • Group of multiple fluid filled lesions
  • Each less than 5 mm
  • To the left chest wall,
  • Errathematous base
  • Entire rash is the size of a silver dollar,
  • Fluid filled lesions follow t4 and t5 dermatomes and do not cross the midline of the chest
  1. What is the name of the lesion?
  2. What is the Diagnosis?
  3. Why do you know this is the diagnosis?
A
  1. Vesicle
  2. Shingles
  3. Dermatomes and not crossing midline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the similarities/differences between a Vesicle, bulla and blister?

A

-vesicle= < 5mm
-bulla>5mm
blister= common name for both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the differences between a Vesicle, bulla and blister?

A
  • vesicle= < 5mm

- bulla/blister= >5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Example # 2:

  • Discrete
  • Pus filled
  • Raised

What is the lesion?

A
  • Pustule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Example # 3:

  • Flat
  • Distinguished from surrounding skin color
  • 5 mm in diameter or less
  • non palpable

What lesion is it?

A

-Macule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How are macule and papule different?

A

Papule is elevated/dome and palpable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Excoriation

A
  • Traumatic lesion
  • breaking the epidermis
  • causing a raw linear area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Impetigo

A

One of the most common bacterial infections of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Who gets Impetigo?

A

Primarily seen in children

38
Q

Is Impetigo contagious?

A

Very

39
Q

What is the causative organism for Impetigo?

A

Staph aureus

40
Q

Progression of impetigo

A
  • Begins as a single small macule which rapidly evolves into a larger lesion
  • sores rupture and ooze for a few days
41
Q

What does Impetigo look like?

A

honey-colored crust of dried serum

42
Q

Where do sores of impetigo typically form?

A

around the nose and mouth

43
Q

Can impetigo spread to other parts of the body?

A

by touching the rash

44
Q

How does impetigo spread?

A

by touching rash or using items that touched the rash

45
Q

As a clinician what is important to teach parents about?

A
  • wash hands

- do not reuse towels

46
Q

How is impetigo treated

A

antibiotics

47
Q

Uticaria

A

Hives

48
Q

What type of reaction is urticaria classified as?

A

immediate (type 1) hypersensitivity reaction

49
Q

Patho of urticaria

A
  • binding of immunoglobulin E antibodies using Fc receptor to the mast cell
  • Antigens trigger mast cell degranulation
  • Dermal microvascular hyperpermeability
50
Q

How can you know if you have a hive?

A

if you press the center it should turn white

51
Q

Causes and risk factor of Urticaria

A
  • allergens
  • stress/anxiety
  • exercise
  • perspiration
  • illness
  • pressure/scratching
  • chemicals
  • cold/sun
  • vibration
52
Q

Types of Eczema dermatitis

A
  • Allergic contact dermatitis
  • Atopic dermatitis
  • Photoeczematous Dermatitis
53
Q

What causes Allergic contact dermatitis?

A

topical exposure to an allergen

54
Q

What type of reaction causes Allergic contact dermatitis?

A

delayed hypersensitivity reaction

55
Q

What is an example of Allergic contact dermatitis?

A

poison ivy dermatitis

56
Q

What is Atopic dermatitis ?

A
  • Skin with increased permeability to substances to which it is exposed
  • such as potential antigens
57
Q

What does Atopic dermatitis

look like?

A
  • Itchy
  • red
  • swollen
  • cracked
58
Q

Where does Atopic dermatitis commonly occur?

A
  • knees
  • elbows
  • neck
  • hands
  • cheeks
  • scalp
59
Q

what causes Photoeczematous Dermatitis?

A

Abnormal reaction to UV or visible light

60
Q

What is an example of Photoeczematous Dermatitis?

A

a rash from photosensitivity to the sun

61
Q

What does Psorasis look like?

A
  • demarcated
  • pink to salmon colored
  • plaque
  • loosely adherent thick silvery-white scales
62
Q

Where is Psoriasis typically found?

A
  • elbows
  • knees
  • scalp
63
Q

Psoriasis vs. Eczema: Duration

A
  • Psoriasis: Chronic/lifelong

- Eczema: Comes and goes

64
Q

Psoriasis vs. Eczema: Population

A
  • Psoriasis: Adults

- Eczema: Children

65
Q

Psoriasis vs. Eczema: Cause

A
  • Psoriasis: Hereditary

- Eczema: Environmental

66
Q

Psoriasis vs. Eczema: Characteristic feature

A
  • Psoriasis: thick, silvery scales

- Eczema: red, inflamed skin

67
Q

Keloid

A

A tumor-like mass

68
Q

Why does a keloid form?

A

abnormal/overgrowth in scar tissue repair of the injured skin

69
Q

Who had this growing up

A

EC elbow after accident

70
Q

Who is more prone to getting keloids?

A

african americans

71
Q

Cause of keloids

A

genetic factor involved

72
Q

Nevi

A

mole

73
Q

Dysplastic Nevi

A
  • larger than most acquired nevi

- have a tendency to occur on body surfaces exposed and not exposed to the sun

74
Q

What is important to remember about Familial Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome?

A

Associated with increased lifetime risk of developing melanoma

75
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Usually non-metastatic tumor

76
Q

Who gets Basal Cell Carcinoma?

A

Commonly found on light skinned people with history of sun exposure

77
Q

Appearance of Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Pearly papule with telangiesctasia

78
Q

Location of Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Frequently seen on the head/face and neck

79
Q

Which layer are basal cells found on?

A

bottom layer of the 5 sublayers of epidermis

80
Q

Patho of Basal Cell Carcinoma

A
  • Bottom layer of the 5 sublayers of epidermis
  • This is where cells grow and divide to replace the cells on the outermost layer that are constantly shedding
  • In turn these cells become flatter when moving up tot he surface which is when they become squamous cells
81
Q

What condition can Basal Cell Carcinoma resemble?

A

eczema

82
Q

Telangiectasia

A

essentially spider veins

83
Q

What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A

Hyperkeratotic lesion with crusting and ulceration

84
Q

is Squamous Cell Carcinoma

or basal cell carcinoma more likely to spread?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

85
Q

Who gets Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A

Commonly found on light skinned people with history of sun exposure

86
Q

Where is Squamous Cell Carcinoma formed?

A

the outermost sublayer of the epidermis

87
Q

Is Squamous Cell Carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma more important to identify? Why?

A
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma

- Can be fatal

88
Q

Melanoma

A

Skin cancer

89
Q

What is more deadly: Squamous Cell Carcinoma or Melanoma?

A

Melanoma

90
Q

How is Melanoma treated?

A

Surgically

91
Q

What is the most important clinical sign of melanoma?

A

change in the color or size of a pigmented lesion

92
Q

ABCs of Melanoma

A 
A- asymmetrical shape
B -boarder irregular
C- color (multiple)
D- diameter (>6mm)
E- evolution (or change)

Advanced Pathology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions