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Advanced Pathology > Genital and Urinary System Disorders (FEMALE)- Notes from Slideshow (Quiz 4) PART 2 > Flashcards

Genital and Urinary System Disorders (FEMALE)- Notes from Slideshow (Quiz 4) PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pregnancy Complications

A
  • Preeclampsia
  • Eclampsia
  • HELLP
  • Mastitis
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2
Q

A potentially dangerous pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure.

A

Preeclampsia

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3
Q

Preeclampsia Symptoms

A
  • May be no symptoms
  • HTN
  • proteinuria
  • edema
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4
Q

Who gets Preeclampsia

A
  • nulliparous women
  • over 35
  • 3rd trimester
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5
Q

Result of Preeclampsia

A

resolves with delivery

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6
Q

Severity of Preeclampsia

A

Can result in fatal complications

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7
Q

Management of Preeclampsia

A

Medications until baby is mature enough to be delivered

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8
Q

Moral dilemma of Preeclampsia

A

Weighing risks/benefits:

  • Early delivery
  • Continued pre-eclampsia symptoms
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9
Q

Preeclampsia classic triad

A
  • P: Proteinuria
  • R: Rising BP
  • E: Edema
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10
Q

How is Proteinuria in Preeclampsia diagnosed

A

-> 300mg/24hr

  • (protein : creatine ratio)
    >or = 0.3

-(dipstick reading) 1+

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11
Q

Does absence of Proteinuria on less accurate tests rule out Preeclampsia?

A

no

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12
Q

Which tests are considered less accurate Proteinuria tests?

A
  • urine dipstick

- routine urinalysis

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13
Q

Onset of rising BP in Preeclampsia?

A
  • Usually sudden onset

- Can develop slowly too

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14
Q

Diagnosis of high BP in Preeclampsia

A
  • > or = 140/90 mmHg

- documented on two occasions (at least 4 hours apart)

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15
Q

Edema in Preeclampsia

A
  • sudden weight gain/swelling

- pitting edema

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16
Q

Where is edema typically found in Preeclampsia?

A
  • face

- hands/feet

17
Q

Severe complication of preeclampsia

A

Eclampsia

18
Q

Symptoms of Eclampsia

A
  • Seizures/convulsions
  • Impaired renal function
  • Worse HTN
19
Q

Resolution of Eclampsia

A

Resolves with delivery

20
Q

Common feature of Eclampsia

A
  • insufficient maternal blood flow to the placenta

- d/t inadequate remodeling of the spiral arteries of the uteroplacental vascular bed

21
Q

Potential serious complication of Eclampsia

A
  • end organ failure

- HELLP syndrome

22
Q

HELLP syndrome

A 
H: Hemolysis
E: Elevated
L: Liver
L: Low 
P: Platelets

Hemolysis, Elevated Liver (Enzymes), Low Platelets

23
Q

HELLP syndrome is a complication of what?

A

pre-eclampsia/eclampsia

24
Q

Who gets HELLP?

A
  • multiparous women
  • age 25+
  • PMH of poor pregnancy outcomes
25
Q

Complication of HELLP

A

full blown disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

26
Q

Cause of HELLP

A

Believed to result from:

  • microvascular endothelial activation
  • cell injury
27
Q
  • Abnormal placental development/function
  • Immune intolerance of placenta
  • Lesions on membrane b/w maternal/fetal circulation
  • Release of inflammatories from placenta to circulation
  • Systemic inflammatory response
  • Microvascular damage
  • RBC damage
  • Platelet aggregation (low platelets seen on CBC)
  • Microthrombin in hepatic circulation
  • MAHA (anemia)
  • damage to hepatocytes
  • HELLP
A

Pathophysiology of HELLP: first cause

28
Q

Pathophysiology of HELLP: first cause

A
  • Abnormal placental development/function
  • Immune intolerance of placenta
  • Lesions on membrane b/w maternal/fetal circulation
  • Release of inflammatories from placenta to circulation
  • Systemic inflammatory response
  • Microvascular damage
  • RBC damage
  • Platelet aggregation (low platelets seen on CBC)
  • Microthrombin in hepatic circulation
  • MAHA (anemia)
  • damage to hepatocytes
  • HELLP
29
Q
  • More than one form of FasL/receptor gene (Protein in T cells that signal target cell death)
  • Increases levels of placental FasL in maternal circulation
  • damage to hepatocytes
  • HELLP
A

Pathophysiology of HELLP: second cause

30
Q

Pathophysiology of HELLP: second cause

A
  • More than one form of FasL/receptor gene (Protein in T cells that signal target cell death)
  • Increases levels of placental FasL in maternal circulation
  • damage to hepatocytes
  • HELLP
31
Q

Infection of the breast

A

Mastitis

32
Q

Who most commonly gets Mastitis

A

breastfeeding women

33
Q
  • Acute breast pain
  • Nipple irritation
  • Hormonal changes
  • Typically unilateral
  • Fever
  • Warm, erythematous, inflamed breast
A

Symptoms of Mastitis

34
Q

Symptoms of Mastitis

A
  • Acute breast pain
  • Nipple irritation
  • Hormonal changes
  • Typically unilateral
  • Fever
  • Warm, erythematous, inflamed breast
35
Q

Red

A

erythematous

36
Q

Most common cause of Mastitis

A

Staph. Aureus

Advanced Pathology (27 decks)

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