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Advanced Pathology > Respiratory System and Disorders- Notes from Slideshow (quiz 3) PART 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory System and Disorders- Notes from Slideshow (quiz 3) PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Condition in which fluid collects in the lungs’ air sacs, depriving organs of oxygen. Can occur in those who are critically ill or who have significant injuries. It is often fatal, the risk increasing with age and severity of illness.

A

ARDS

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2
Q

Defining characteristics of ARDS

A
  1. It is in both lungs- bilateral disease
  2. Refractory to oxygen
  3. AVQ mismatch
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3
Q

What causes the ARDS “perfect storm”?

A

All of the inflammatory mediators have been sent out to cause this inflammatory response

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4
Q

Where does the problem associated with ARDS take place in the body?

A

Capillary membrane problem

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5
Q

What is the end result of ARDS?

A
  1. fluid collects in the lungs’ air sacs

2. deprives organs of oxygen.

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6
Q

Who gets ARDS?

A
  1. critically ill (infection)

2. have significant injuries

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7
Q

What sets this disease apart from pneumonia?

A

Pneumonia is on one side-ARDS is on both

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8
Q

If you intubate these pt in order to put them on 100% O2 what happens?

A

O2 level WONT go up

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9
Q

main symptom of ARDS

A

Severe SOB

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10
Q

Survival of pts with ARDS

A

Not many survive

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11
Q

Underlying causes of ARDS

A
  1. Major injury
  2. Inhalation of harmful substances
  3. Severe Infection (including covid)
  4. Pancreatitis
  5. Massive blood transfusions
  6. Burns
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12
Q
  1. Sepsis
  2. Inhalation of harmful substances
  3. Severe pneumonia
  4. Head, chest or other major injury
  5. Coronavirus disease 2019
  6. Pancreatitis
  7. Massive blood transfusions
  8. Burns
A

Underlying causes of ARDS

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13
Q

Pathophysiology of ARDS

A
  1. Injury to capillary membrane
  2. platelets aggregate
  3. inflammatory inflame
  4. damage alveolar membrane
  5. Fluids leak both ways
  6. Surfactant is lost
  7. Capillaries collapse
  8. Gas exchange impaired
  9. Fibrosis
  10. Hypoxemia leads to acidosis
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14
Q
  1. Injury to capillary membrane
  2. platelets aggregate
  3. inflammatory inflame
  4. damage alveolar membrane
  5. Fluids leak both ways
  6. Surfactant is lost
  7. Capillaries collapse
  8. Gas exchange impaired
  9. Fibrosis
  10. Hypoxemia leads to acidosis
A

Pathophysiology of ARDS

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15
Q

What does ARDS look like on a xray

A

Both lungs cloudy all over

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16
Q

A breathing disorder in newborns caused by immature lungs.

A

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)

17
Q

At what age it it most common to see IRDS?

A

babies born at 37-39 weeks

18
Q

At what age it it most uncommon to see IRDS?

A

babies born After 39 weeks

19
Q

What causes IRDS?

A

lack of surfactant

20
Q

What do these babies not have surfactant?

A

It has not developed yet before their born

21
Q

What is surfactant

A
  1. Slippery substance in the lungs
  2. Helps the lungs fill with air
  3. Keep air sacs from deflating
22
Q

Other than premature birth, what else can cause IRDS?

A

genetic problems with lung development

23
Q

IRDS Symptoms

A
  1. Tachypnoea ( >60)
  2. Tachycardia (>160)
  3. Cyanosis
  4. Nasal Flaring
  5. Grunting
  6. Apnea/dyspnea
  7. Chest wall recessions (suprasternal, intercostal, subcostal)
24
Q
  1. Tachypnoea ( >60)
  2. Tachycardia (>160)
  3. Cyanosis
  4. Nasal Flaring
  5. Grunting
  6. Apnea/dyspnea
  7. Chest wall recessions (suprasternal, intercostal, subcostal)
A

IRDS Symptoms

25
Q

What does the teacher compare surfactant to?

A

Dish soap

26
Q

What increases risk IRDS?

A

The more premature the higher the risk

27
Q

What is surfactant composed of?

A
  1. phospholipid
  2. protein
  3. carbs
28
Q

What produces and secretes surfactant?

A

Alveolar type II cells

29
Q

What does surfactant do?

A

Lower surface tension

30
Q

Characteristics of the lung in IRDS pts

A
  1. Rigid
  2. Edema
  3. Alveoli are collapse
31
Q

One of two major types of lung cancer that can affect smokers and nonsmokers.
A group of lung cancers that behave similarly.

A

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers

32
Q

Types of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers

A
  1. Adenocarcinoma
  2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  3. Large Cell Carcinoma
33
Q

Adenocarcinoma vs. Squamous Cell Carcinoma vs. Large Cell Carcinoma: Defining characteristic

A
  1. Adenocarcinoma: Most common form
  2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Early symptoms
  3. Large Cell Carcinoma: Rapid growth and late symptoms
34
Q

Adenocarcinoma vs. Squamous Cell Carcinoma vs. Large Cell Carcinoma: Origin

A
  1. Adenocarcinoma: Outer regions of lung
  2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Bronchial tubes
  3. Large Cell Carcinoma: Outer edges of lungs
35
Q

Prevalence of each type of lung cancer

A
  1. Adenocarcinoma (40%)
  2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (30%)
  3. Large Cell Carcinoma (15%)
  4. Small Cell lung cancer (15%)
36
Q

Lung cancer symptoms

A
  1. Loss of appetite
  2. weight loss
  3. Difficulty breathing
  4. Chronic lung infections
  5. Chest pain that worsens with breathing
  6. Hoarseness
  7. Fatigue
  8. Persistent cough
  9. Night sweats
  10. Coughing up blood or phlegm
37
Q
  1. Loss of appetite
  2. weight loss
  3. Difficulty breathing
  4. Chronic lung infections
  5. Chest pain that worsens with breathing
  6. Hoarseness
  7. Fatigue
  8. Persistent cough
  9. Night sweats
  10. Coughing up blood or phlegm
A

Lung cancer symptoms

Advanced Pathology (27 decks)

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