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Advanced Pathology > CV System and Disorders: Week 4 Venous System > Flashcards

CV System and Disorders: Week 4 Venous System Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanisms by which acquired and inherited risk factors predispose to VTE.

A

Virchow’s Triad

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2
Q

What are the 3 factors that make up Virchow’s Triad

A
  1. venous stasis
  2. activation of blood coagulation
  3. Vein damage
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3
Q

Swollen, twisted veins that lie just under the skin and usually occur in the legs

A

Varicose veins

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4
Q

What causes varicose veins?

A
  1. Weak/damaged vein walls/valves

2. Can form whenever blood pressure increases inside your veins.

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5
Q

Why do pts get varicose veins?

A

standing and walking upright (increases the pressure in the veins of your lower body)

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6
Q

Are varicose veins painful?

A

Some some people no and others yes

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7
Q

Prevention of varicose veins

A
  1. Exercising
  2. Watching your weight
  3. Eating a high-fiber, low-salt diet
  4. Avoiding high heels and tight hosiery
  5. Elevating your legs
  6. Changing your sitting or standing position regularly
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8
Q

Complications of varicose veins

A
  1. Ulcers
  2. Blood clots
  3. Bleeding
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9
Q

Inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins,

A

Thrombophlebitis

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10
Q

Where does Thrombophlebitis usually occur?

A

Legs

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11
Q

Types of Thrombophlebitis

A
  1. superficial thrombophlebitis

2. deep within a muscle (deep vein thrombosis, or DVT)

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12
Q

Causes of Thrombophlebitis

A
  1. trauma
  2. surgery
  3. prolonged inactivity
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13
Q

How is Thrombophlebitis treated?

A

blood-thinning medications

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14
Q

S&S of Thrombophlebitis (DVT)

A

Pain

Swelling

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15
Q

Is Thrombophlebitis an emergency?

A

It can be if a clot travels to your lungs (pulmonary embolism)

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16
Q

S&S of pulmonary embolism

A
  1. SOB
  2. Chest pain
  3. Coughing up blood
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17
Q

Condition that occurs when the venous wall and/or valves in the leg veins are not working effectively, making it difficult for blood to return to the heart from the legs

A

chronic venous insufficiency

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18
Q

What does chronic venous insufficiency cause to happen in veins?

A

Blood to “pool” or collect in these veins (stasis)

19
Q

Why does stasis occur in chronic venous insufficiency?

A
  1. valves are damaged, allowing the blood to leak backward
20
Q

What causes damaged vein valves?

A
  1. aging

2. reduced mobility

21
Q

What is chronic venous insufficiency often a cause of?

A

DVT

22
Q

S&S of chronic venous insufficiency

A
  1. Swelling if lower legs/ankles (esp. after standing for awhile)
  2. Aching or tiredness in the legs
  3. New varicose veins
  4. Leathery-looking skin on the legs
  5. Flaking/itching skin on the legs/feet
  6. Stasis ulcers
23
Q

Complications of chronic venous insufficiency

A
  1. local tissue inflammation 2. internal tissue damage.
  2. ulcers
  3. open sores on skin
  4. Unhealing ulcers become infected.
  5. When the infection is not controlled, it can spread to surrounding tissue (cellulitis)
24
Q

A wound on the leg or ankle caused by abnormal or damaged veins

A

Venous Ulcers

25
Q

Cause of Venous Ulcers

A
  1. damage to the valves inside the leg veins
  2. sustained venous hypertension (too much pressure on veins)
  3. Varicose veins
  4. CVI
26
Q

Prevention of Venous Ulcers

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Diet
  3. Exercise
  4. Move around often
  5. Raise legs for a short time (esp if you’ve been standing all day)
  6. Compression stockings
27
Q

Long-term condition that causes inflammation, ulcers, and itchy skin on the lower legs d/t venous blood flow problems.

A

Status Dermatitis

28
Q

Risk factors for Status Dermatitis

A
  1. varicose veins
  2. DVT
  3. CHF
  4. Surgery
29
Q

Early symptoms of stasis dermatitis

A
  1. irritated skin (red, itchy, or swollen)
  2. sensation of fullness, heaviness, or aching after extended periods of standing or walking
  3. swelling on the inside of the lower leg and ankle, (after standing for long)
30
Q

Late symptoms of stasis dermatitis

A
  1. swelling that spreads into the calves
  2. red or purple ulcers that may ooze or scab
  3. shiny, swollen skin
  4. itchy, dry, and cracked skin
31
Q

Complications of stasis dermatitis

A
  1. Ulcers
  2. Abscesses
  3. Cellulitis
  4. osteomyelitis (bone infection)
32
Q

Treatment of stasis dermatitis

A
  1. Compression stockings
  2. Elevate legs
  3. Corticosteroids
  4. topical calcineurin inhibitors
  5. Antihistamines
  6. Antibiotics
    applying
  7. Emollients
33
Q

Obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava

A

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS)

34
Q

Who gets Superior Vena Cava Syndrome?

A

Most common in malignant disease processes of the thorax

35
Q

What causes Superior Vena Cava Syndrome?

A

Tumor obstructs SVC, and occludes it

36
Q

Is Superior Vena Cava Syndrome an emergency?

A

Yes

37
Q

S&S of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

A
  1. Swelling of your face, neck, upper body, and arms
  2. Trouble breathing or SOB
  3. Coughing
38
Q

What causes face swelling in uperior Vena Cava Syndrome?

A

Pressure in the veins & face, which leads to a buildup of fluid

39
Q

Blood Filled Tumor from peripheral system

A

Hemangioma

40
Q

What does a Hemangioma look like?

A
  1. bright red birthmark

2. rubbery bump

41
Q

Who gets a Hemangioma?

A

found at birth or within 1-2 week of life

42
Q

What is a Hemangioma made of?

A

made up of extra blood vessels in the skin

43
Q

Life of a Hemangioma

A
  1. First year-red mark grows rapidly into a spongy, rubbery-looking bump that 2. Rest phase-begins to slowly disappear
  2. Many disappear by age 5, & most by age 10
  3. Skin may be slightly discolored or raised after it goes away
44
Q

Where on the body are Hemangiomas found

A

Anywhere but most commonly on

  1. face
  2. scalp
  3. chest
  4. back

Advanced Pathology (27 decks)

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