Skeletal System Flashcards
Arranged to provide a framework for our bodies.
Bones
The system consisting of bones and joints along with the cartilage and ligaments associated with the joints.
Skeletal system
The bones of the lower extremities supports:
weight
The bones support and protect:
soft organs
With the assistance of muscle, the skeletal system enables the body to:
Move
Bones store:
Minerals
The most important minerals are these two:
calcium and phosphorus
Red bone marrow produces:
blood cells
Bones participate in the regulation of:
plasma blood cells
Type of bone that includes the femur and is found in the arms, forearms, palms, fingers, thighs, legs, and instep.
Long bones
Type of bones that support weight.
Long bones
Bones shaped like cubes found primarily in the wrists and ankle.
Short bones
Thin, flat, and curved bones.
Flat bones
Type of bones that forms the ribs, breastbone, cranium, and bones of the shoulder girdle.
Flat bones
Differently shaped bones.
Irregular bones
Type of bone that includes hip bones, vertebrae, and various bones in the skull.
Irregular bones
Dense, hard bone tissue primarily found in the shafts of long bones and on the outer surfaces of other bones.
Compact bone
Located primarily at the end of long bones and in the centre of other bones.
Spongy bone
Compact bone is tightly packed so its density can provide a great deal of strength and is made up of this microscopic unit:
osteon
These bone cells secrete an intercellular matrix containing calcium, other minerals, and protein fibres.
Osteoblasts
Each osteon consists of layers of mature ___ arranged in concentric circles around large blood vessels.
osteocytes
Osteocytes are matured ___.
osteoblasts
Osteocytes sit within the hard bone matrix with protein, other minerals, and calcium to ___ the bone.
maintain
Haversian system =
Osteon
Each Haversian system looks like a long ___.
cylinder
The process of bone formation.
Ossification
Bones are also called:
Osseous tissue
Protein fibres in the bones make them:
elasticity
Communicating blood vessels in the Haversian system run in this direction:
lateral
Connects Haversian systems together.
Blood vessels
This type of bone does not contain Haversian systems.
Spongy bone
Bony plates separated by holes that give spongy bone a Swiss-cheese appearance.
Trabeculae
These decrease the weight of spongy bone and contain red bone marrow.
Trabeculae
The type of bone located in the short, flat, and irregular bones.
Spongy bone
The long shaft of the bone primarily made up of compact bone.
Diaphysis
Enlarged ends of the long bone, meeting with a second bone at a joint.
Epiphysis
Longitude growth happens here in a band of hyaline cartilage called the:
epiphyseal disc
The hollow centre of the diaphysis.
Medullary cavity
In the adult, this cavity is filled with yellow bone marrow and functions as a storage site for fat.
Medullary cavity
A tough, fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outside of the diaphysis.
Periosteum
Anchored firmly to the outside of the bone on all surfaces except the articular cartilage.
Periosteum
Protects the bone.
Periosteum
Serves as a point of attachment for the muscle.
Periosteum
Contains the blood vessels that nourish the underlying bone.
Periosteum
Found on the outer surface of the epiphysis.
Articular cartilage
Forms a smooth, shiny surface that decreases friction within a joint.
Articular cartilage
Most bones are formed by this when bone tissue replaces cartilage.
Endochondral ossification
As the fetus matures, these cells invade the cartilage and gradually replace it with large bone.
Oseteoblasts
Only this type of cartilage and the epiphyseal disc remain after the ossification of long bones.
Articular cartilage
Bones growing in this direction determine the height of an individual.
Longitude
Bones growing thicker and wider help to support:
weight
Longitude bone growth occurs at the:
epiphyseal disc
Also called the growth plate.
Epiphyseal disc
The cartilage adjacent to the epiphysis continues to multiply and grows towards this during bone growth.
Diaphysis
As long as the cartilage continues to form within the ___ ___, the bone continues to lengthen.
epiphyseal disc
Longitude bone growth ceases when the epiphyseal disc becomes ___ and fuses.
ossified
During bone growth, the cartilage next to the diaphysis is invaded by ___ and becomes ossified.
osetoblasts
Bone-destroying cells that help reshape bones and are attributed to bones growing thicker and wider.
Osetoclasts
Longitudinal growth ceases when levels of these hormones dye down.
Sex hormones
Osteoclastic activity can be compared to this art.
Sculpting
While osteoblasts on the undersurface of the periosteum continuously deposit bone on the external surface, ___ found on the ___ surface of the ___ cavity break down bone tissue.
osteoclasts / inner / medullary
These hollow out bones.
Osteoclasts
The process by which osteoclasts break down bone matrix is called:
bone resorption
This widens the bones and moves calcium from the bone to the blood.
Bone resorption
Plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood calcium levels.
Bone resorption
An activity that keeps calcium in the bone and increases bone mass is:
weight-bearing exercise
Also called an articulation and a meeting site between two bones, between a bone and cartilage, and between a bone and teeth.
Joint
Holds bones together.
Ligaments
Provides flexibility to a rigid skeleton.
Joint
Branch of science that studies joints.
Arthology
