Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The knee-jerk reflex is mediated by ___ nerves.

A

somatic

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2
Q

These reflexes are mediated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

A

Visceral reflexes (vis-er-uhl)

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3
Q

Regulate organ function.

A

Visceral reflexes (vis-er-uhl)

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4
Q

Controls heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, digestion, airflow through respiratory passages, elimination, and pupillary (eye) responses.

A

Visceral reflexes (vis-er-uhl)

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5
Q

A visceral reflex is mediated in a manner similar to the knee-jerk reflex: activation of a ___, transmission of ___ information to the central nervous system (CNS), the processing of the information by the central nervous system (CNS), and the ___ response sent to the ___ organ(s).

A

receptor

sensory

motor

effector

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6
Q

A sudden decrease in blood pressure activates pressure ___ (baroreceptors). The information about the low blood pressure is carried to the medulla oblongata in the brain stem by ___ nerves. The medulla oblongata determines that the blood pressure is low and sends ___ signals to the visceral ___ organs (heart and blood vessels). The ___ response results in changes in the heart and blood vessels that elevate blood pressure.

A

receptors

sensory

motor

effector

motor

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7
Q

A sudden decrease in blood pressure stimulates a ___ reflex that restores blood pressure to normal. All this has been accomplished without ___ input.

A

visceral (vis-er-uhl)

conscious

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8
Q

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the part of the ___ nervous system that supplies motor activity to the effector organs: glands, smooth muscles within organs and tubes, and the heart.

A

peripheral

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9
Q

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are the ___ and ___ nervous systems.

A

sympathetic

parasympathetic

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10
Q

The distribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves to the viscera varies. A single organ most often receives fibres from both divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS); this is called:

A

dual innervation (in-nerve-ation).

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11
Q

The effects of autonomic stimulation are either antagonistic or cooperative because of ___ ___.

A

dual innervation (in-nerve-ation)

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12
Q

True or false: in most instances, stimulation of one division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) causes a specific effect, whereas stimulation by the other division causes an antagonistic or opposing effect.

A

True

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13
Q

The cells of the heart that determine heart rate receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres. Stimulation of the sympathetic fibres ___ heart rate, whereas stimulation of the parasympathetic fibres ___ heart rate.

A

increases

decreases

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14
Q

In a few organs that receive dual innervation, the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity are ___ rather than antagonistic. For example, in the male, erectile activity is regulated by the parasympathetics, whereas ejaculation is regulated by the sympathetics. The sympathetics and parasympathetics work in a ___ way to achieve the desired effect: penetration of the female and ejection of the sperm.

A

cooperative x2

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15
Q

Finally, not all organs have dual innervation. For example, the blood vessels are innervated only by the ___ nervous system. Regulation of blood vessel diameter is achieved through an adjustment of ___ activity. Increased ___ activity causes constriction of the blood vessels, and decreased ___ activity causes the blood vessels to dilate.

A

sympathetic x4

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16
Q

Activated during periods of stress or times when a person feels threatened in some way.

A

Sympathetic nervous system

17
Q

Activated during periods of stress or times when a person feels threatened in some way.

A

Sympathetic nervous system

18
Q

Fight-or-flight division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS):

A

sympathetic nervous system.

19
Q

Causes you to be prepared either to confront (fight) or to remove yourself from the threatening situation (flight).

A

Sympathetic nervous system

20
Q

Although the sympathetic nervous system is activated during periods of stress, these periods are normally ___-lived.

A

short

21
Q

Most active during quiet, nonstressful conditions.

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

22
Q

Plays an important role in the regulation of digestion and in reproductive function.

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

23
Q

Feed-and-breed division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS):

A

parasympathetic nervous system.