Microbiology Basics

Question 1

Failure of the body to function normally.

Answer 1

Disease

Question 2

Symptoms caused by a pathogen.

Answer 2

Infection

Question 3

Microorganism that lives harmoniously in the body.

Answer 3

Normal flora

Question 4

Microorganism capable of causing disease.

Answer 4

Pathogen

Question 5

Microorganism dependent on a host for survival.

Answer 5

Parasite

Question 6

Organism that harbors a pathogen.

Answer 6

Carrier

Question 7

This microorganism has a cell wall and the ability to form spores.

Answer 7

Bacteria

Question 8

Single - celled organisms found everywhere.

Answer 8

Bacteria

Question 9

Round cells of bacteria arranged in patterns.

Answer 9

Cocci

Question 10

Cocci arranged in pairs.

Answer 10

Diplococci

Question 11

Cocci arranged in chains.

Answer 11

Streptococci

Question 12

Cocci arranged in bunches.

Answer 12

Staphylococci

Question 13

Long slender bacteria shaped like a cigar.

Answer 13

Bacilli

Question 14

Bacteria that includes the vibro, the spircochete, and the spirillum.

Answer 14

Curved rods

Question 15

A rigid wall that protects the underlying cell membrane from busting in bacteria.

Answer 15

Cell wall

Question 16

Allows bacteria to survive harsh environments.

Answer 16

Spores

Question 17

These two are classified as bacteria but, are smaller.

Answer 17

Rickettsia and chlamydia

Question 18

The smallest infection agents.

Answer 18

Viruses

Question 19

These are not cells and consist of RNA or DNA.

Answer 19

Viruses

Question 20

These are surrounded by a protein shell.

Answer 20

Viruses

Question 21

These are parasites because they can only reproduce within the living cells of a host.

Answer 21

Viruses

Question 22

A plant-like organism.

Answer 22

Fungus

Question 23

Grows best in dark, damp places.

Answer 23

Fungus

Question 24

Yeasts and molds are types of this organism.

Answer 24

Fungi

Question 25

An object, living or non-living, that transfers a pathogen from one organism to another.

Answer 25

Vector

Question 26

A non-living object that transfers a pathogen to an organism.

Answer 26

Fomite

Question 27

Three ways pathogens spread.

Answer 27

1) Person-to-person contact
2) Environment-to-person contact
3) ‘Tiny animal’-to-person contact

Question 28

Spreading a virus from sneezing cold virus droplet into a room is an example of this kind of contact.

Answer 28

Person-to-person

Question 29

Getting sick from contaminated water, air, food, or soil results from this mode of transmission.

Answer 29

Environment-to-person

Question 30

Mosquitos spreading malaria is a example of this mode of transmission.

Answer 30

‘Tiny animal’ to-person

Question 31

List 5 portals of exit.

Answer 31

1) Respiratory
2) Gastrointestinal
3) The skin
4) Eyes
5) Breast milk

Question 32

The most common portals of exit are these two.

Answer 32

Respiratory & gastrointestinal

Question 33

List 5 portals of entry.

Answer 33

1) Respiratory
2) Gastrointestinal
3) Genitourinary tracts
4) Eyes & skin
5) Parental route

Question 34

This portal of entry includes those injuries that penetrate the skin or mucous membranes such as bites, cuts, and surgery.

Answer 34

Parental route

Question 35

Used to identify pathogens, this technique causes positive bacteria to stain purple or blue.

Answer 35

Gram stain

Question 36

When a bacteria is not positive, it stains pink or red and is known as this.

Answer 36

Gram - negative

Question 37

This staining technique includes staining bacteria with red dye and washing the dye off with a substance (___). Most bacteria lose the red when washed with this substance.

Answer 37

acid

Question 38

Bacteria that retain the red stain are known as this

Answer 38

Acid-fast

Question 39

A technique used when a physician wants to determine the specific pathogen growing in an infected wound.

Answer 39

Culture

Question 40

A sample of the pathogen is taken and grown to later be stained and identified.

Answer 40

Culture

Question 41

Testing culture for suceptibility to various antibiotics.

Answer 41

Sensitivity