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Human Physiology - PNUR1143 -22S - Sec 1 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Drains fluid from our tissue spaces.

A

Lymphatic system

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2
Q

Absorbs fluids and proteins from the tissue spaces and returns them to the blood.

A

Lymphatic vessels

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3
Q

Plays an important role in the intestinal absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins.

A

Specialized lymphatic vessels

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4
Q

Helps the body to defend itself against disease.

A

Lymphatic tissue

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5
Q

A clear pale-yellow fluid that resembles plasma.

A

Lymph

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6
Q

Composed primarily of water, electrolytes, waste from metabolizing cells, and protein that has leaked out of capillaries and into the tissue space.

A

Lymph

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7
Q

The 15% of tissue fluid that is not reabsorbed into the blood capillaries.

A

Lymph

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8
Q

The remaining fluid (about 3 L/day) that is drained by the lymphatic capillaries surrounding the blood capillaries.

A

Lymph

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9
Q

Includes lymphatic capillaries and forms an extensive network.

A

Lymphatic vessels

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10
Q

Similar to the distribution of veins.

A

Lymphatic vessels

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11
Q

Most organs in the body have a rich supply of these.

A

Lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

Picks up tissue fluid and transports it toward the heart.

A

Lymphatic vessels

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13
Q

Anatomically close to the lymphatic vessels.

A

Veins

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14
Q

The walls of these are made up of a single layer of epithelium and have large pores.

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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15
Q

This large-pore structure allows the lymphatic capillaries to drain tissue fluid and proteins, thereby forming lymph.

A

Lymphatic capillary wall

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16
Q

Flows from the lymphatic capillaries toward the heart through a series of larger and larger lymphatic vessels until it reaches the two largest lymphatic ducts.

A

Lymph

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17
Q

Lymph from the right arm and right side of the head and thorax drains into this.

A

Right lymphatic duct

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18
Q

Lymph from the rest of the body drains into this.

A

Thoracic duct

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19
Q

Both lymphatic ducts empty lymph into these.

A

Subclavian (suhb-klay-vee-uhn) veins

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20
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph into this.

A

Right subclavian (subh-klay-vee-uhn) vein

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21
Q

The thoracic duct drains lymph into this.

A

Left subclavian (suhb-klay-vee-uhn) vein

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22
Q

Comes from the blood and returns to the blood.

A

Lymph

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23
Q

The “milking” action of the skeletal muscles facilitates this.

A

Movement of lymph

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24
Q

As the skeletal muscles contract, they squeeze the surrounding lymphatic vessels, thereby pushing lymph toward the ___.

A

heart

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25
Q

Changes in the thoracic cavity during respiration (movement and, ultimately, changes in pressure) increase the flow of lymph towards these.

A

Subclavian (suhb-klay-vee-uhn) veins

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26
Q

The rhythmic contraction of the smooth muscle in the lymphatic vessels causes ___ to flow.

A

lymph

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27
Q

As the veins do, the lymphatic vessels also contain ___.

A

valves

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28
Q

Prevents any backflow of lymph; if lymph moves at all, it must move toward the heart.

A

Valves

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29
Q

Edema that develops in response to impaired drainage.

A

Lymphedema

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30
Q

Accompany venous blood vessels throughout the body.

A

Lymphatic vessels

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31
Q

Includes lymphatic organs and lymphatic nodules.

A

Lymphatic tissue

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32
Q

Encapsulated masses of lymphatic tissue.

A

Lymphatic organs

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33
Q

Partially or wholly nonencapsulated.

A

Lymphatic nodules

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34
Q

Contains lymphocytes and related cells.

A

Lymphatic tissue

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35
Q

Helps defend the body against disease; filters particles such as pathogens and cancer cells from the lymph, tissue fluid, and blood; and supports the immune activities of the lymphocytes.

A

Lymphatic tissue

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36
Q

The lymph nodes, thymus gland, and spleen are these.

A

Lympahtic organs

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37
Q

Small pea-shaped patches of lymphatic tissue strategically located to filter the lymph as it flows through the lymphatic vessels.

A

Lymph nodes

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38
Q

Engage in phagocytosis and are the sites of maturation of some lymphocytes and monocytes.

A

Lymph nodes

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39
Q

Tend to appear in clusters.

A

Lymph nodes

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40
Q

Lymph nodes that drain and cleanse lymph coming from the head and neck areas.

A

Cervical

41
Q

When enlarged, these tender lymph nodes often accompany upper respiratory infections.

A

Cervical

42
Q

Lymph nodes that are located in area of the armpit.

A

Axillary

43
Q

These lymph nodes drain and cleanse lymph coming from the upper extremities, shoulders, and breast area.

A

Axillary

44
Q

Cancer cells that leave the breast are often found in these lymph nodes.

A

Axillary

45
Q

Lymph nodes that are located in the groin region.

A

Inguinal

46
Q

These lymph nodes drain and cleanse lymph from the lower extremities and external genitalia.

A

Inguinal

47
Q

Contains several compartments, called lymph nodules, separated by lymph sinuses.

A

Lymph nodes

48
Q

Masses of lymphocytes and macrophages.

A

Lymph nodules

49
Q

These cells are defensive cells and are concerned with immunity and phagocytosis; they protect the body from disease.

A

Macrophages

50
Q

Separated by lymph sinuses or lymph-filled spaces.

A

Lymph nodules

51
Q

Carries lymph into the lymph node for cleansing.

A

Afferent (a-fr-uhnt) lymphatic vessels

52
Q

The lymph leaves the lymph node through the ___ lymphatic vessels as it continues its journey through the lymphatic vessels toward the heart

A

efferent (eh-fr-uhnt)

53
Q

Located in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity and is relatively large in infancy and early childhood and shrinks after puberty.

A

Thymus gland

54
Q

Home of many lymphocytes; some are inactive, whereas others mature into T lymphocytes, which leave the thymus and travel throughout the body, engaging in immune activity.

A

Thymus gland

55
Q

Secretes hormones called thymosins.

A

Thymus gland

56
Q

This hormone promotes the proliferation and maturation of lymphocytes in lymphatic tissue throughout the body.

A

Thymosins

57
Q

With advancing age, this is gradually replaced by adipose and connective tissue, but still retains an age-related role in immune function.

A

Thymus tissue

58
Q

Largest lymphatic organ in the body.

A

Spleen

59
Q

Located in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity, just beneath the diaphragm, and is normally protected by the lower rib cage.

A

Spleen

60
Q

Resembles a much larger lymph node.

A

Spleen

61
Q

Composed of two types of tissue: white pulp and red pulp.

A

Spleen

62
Q

Located in the spleen, this is lymphatic tissue consisting primarily of lymphocytes surrounding arteries.

A

White pulp

63
Q

Located in the spleen, this contains venous sinuses filled with blood and disease-preventing cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages.

A

Red pulp

64
Q

Blood enters the spleen through this.

A

Splenic artery

65
Q

Cleansed blood leaves the spleen through this.

A

Splenic vein

66
Q

Filters blood rather than lymph.

A

Spleen

67
Q

Microorganisms trapped by this are destroyed by the leukocytes in it.

A

Spleen

68
Q

Acts as a storage or reservoir of blood (about 350 mL). Blood loss triggers the release of stored blood into the general circulation, thereby engaging in a form of “self-transfusion.”

A

Spleen

69
Q

Stores platelets and removes malformed platelets from the circulation. Occasionally it becomes overactive as it removes platelets, causing thrombocytopenia and bleeding.

A

Spleen

70
Q

Removes and dismantles old worn out red blood cells (RBCs). Occasionally it becomes overactive and removes and destroys normal RBCs, causing hemolytic anemia.

A

Spleen

71
Q

Called the RBC “graveyard.”

A

Spleen

72
Q

The site of fetal erythropoiesis. After birth, it stops producing RBCs but continues its lifelong production and maturation of lymphocytes.

A

Spleen

73
Q

Includes the tonsils, mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT), Peyer patches, and the appendix.

A

Lymphatic nodules

74
Q

Partially encapsulated lymph nodes in the throat area.

A

Tonsils

75
Q

Commonly injured because of its location, difficult to repair, and prone to bleeding (may be removed surgically).

A

Spleen

76
Q

An individual can live quite well without this but may be more vulnerable to infection.

A

Spleen

77
Q

They filter tissue fluid contaminated by pathogens that have entered the body through the nose and mouth.

A

Tonsils

78
Q

Small masses (there are two) of lymphoid tissue located at the opening of the oral cavity into the pharynx.

A

Palatine tonsils

79
Q

A tonsillectomy is most often performed on this particular set of tonsils.

A

Palatine tonsils

80
Q

Also called the adenoid and is located near the opening of the nasal cavity in the upper pharynx.

A

Pharyngeal (fr-in-jee-uhl) tonsil

81
Q

Atrophies during adolescence.

A

Pharyngeal (fr-in-jee-uhl) tonsil

82
Q

Enlargement of the adenoid may interfere with breathing and may require surgical removal, a procedure known as ___.

A

Adenoidectomy (a-duh-noy-dek-tuh-mee)

83
Q

The Flow of Lymph from the Lymphatic Capillaries to the Subclavian Veins.

A
84
Q

Located at the back of the tongue (there are two).

A

Lingual tonsil

85
Q

Lymphatic tissue that is diffusely scattered throughout the body within its mucous membranes.

A

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

86
Q

Lymphatic tissue found in the organs of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts—all organ systems that are open to the external environment.

A

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

87
Q

Lymphatic nodules found in the lower part of the small intestine (part of the digestive tract).

A

Peyer patches

88
Q

An outpouching located within the large intestine, contains lymphatic nodules.

A

Appendix

89
Q

The lymphatic structures are busily involved in dealing with a heavy load of microorganisms.

A

Appendix

90
Q

True or false: exercise stimulates the production of lymphocytes and macrophages, thereby enhancing defences against infection.

A

True

91
Q

True or false: exercise stimulates the skeletal muscle pump and the respiratory pump, thereby enhancing lymphatic drainage.

A

True

92
Q

True or false: exercise is one of the most effective treatments for lymphedema, especially for those who have undergone mastectomy.

A

True

93
Q

True or false: exercise enhances lymphatic function in the central nervous system, thereby improving the delivery of nutrients to and the removal of waste from the metabolizing brain.

A

True

94
Q

True or false: exercise improves the quality of sleep, during which time the lymphatic system is most effective.

A

True

95
Q

True or false: many cancers metastasize, or spread, by way of the lymphatic vessels.

A

True

96
Q

Location of Lymphatic Tissue.(A) Lymphatic organs. (B) Distribution of lymph nodes. (C) Tonsils.

A
97
Q

Cross-section of a Lymph Node.

A
98
Q

Formed from tissue or interstitial fluid.

A

Lymph

99
Q

Filters tissue fluid contaminated by pathogens that have entered the body through the nose and mouth.

A

Tonsils

Human Physiology - PNUR1143 -22S - Sec 1 (26 decks)

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