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Human Physiology - PNUR1143 -22S - Sec 1 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The skin barrier mechanism that keeps harmful substances out of the body and helps retain water and electrolytes.

A

Mechanical

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2
Q

The skin barrier mechanism that uses the acid pH of the skin’s surface to protect the skin.

A

Chemical

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3
Q

The skin acts as a gland by sythesizing this vitamin exposed to sunlight.

A

Vitamin D

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4
Q

When the skin is broken, these cells alert the immune system so that it can ward off infenction.

A

Dendritic cells

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5
Q

The integumentary system protects these internal structures from sunlight, blows, cuts, harsh chemicals, and pathological microorganisms.

A

Organs

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6
Q

Although a minor role, the integumentary system performs this function through water, salt, and small amounts of waste such as urea.

A

Excretion

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7
Q

The integumentary system performs this role when pain, touch, pressure, and temperature are felt.

A

Sensory

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8
Q

The skin helps to detect information about the environment through this function.

A

Sensory

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9
Q

The integumentary plays an essential role in the regulation of this bodily function.

A

Temperature

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10
Q

The largest organ in the body.

A

Skin

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11
Q

Also known as the cutaneous membrane.

A

Skin

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12
Q

The inner layer of the skin.

A

Dermis

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13
Q

The outer layer of the skin.

A

Epidermis

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14
Q

The anchor of the dermis.

A

Subcutaneous layer

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15
Q

The tissue that the makes up the skin.

A

Epithelial tissue

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16
Q

This layer of the epidermis lies on top of the dermis; and thus, has access to a rich supply of blood.

A

Stratum germinativum

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17
Q

This is the surface layer of the epidermis and is composed of about 30 layers of dead, flattened keratinized cells.

A

Stratum corneum

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18
Q

This protein makes skin water resistant.

A

Keratin

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19
Q

The dead, sloughed cells.

A

Dander

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20
Q

The layer of the skin located beneath the epidermis and the largest portion of the skin.

A

Dermis

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21
Q

The part of the skin composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.

A

Dermis

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22
Q

This layer lies under the dermis and is not considered a part of the skin.

A

Subcutaneous layer

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23
Q

The specialized endings of nerves.

A

Sensory receptors

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24
Q

Also called the hypodermis.

A

Subcutaneous layer

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25
Q

This layer is primarily made of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.

A

Subcutaneous layer

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26
Q

This layer helps insulate the body from extreme temperature changes in the external environment.

A

Subcutaneous layer

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27
Q

This layer acts as an anchor to the underlying structures of the skin.

A

Subcutaneous layer

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28
Q

Skin cells located deep within the epidermal layer of the skin.

A

Melanocytes

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29
Q

Melanocytes secrete a skin darkening pigment called…

A

Melanin

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30
Q

The yellowish tint in skin is caused by this cell.

A

Carotene

31
Q

Blood vessels, nervous tissue, and some muscle tissue is located in this layer of the skin.

A

Dermis

32
Q

The condition where poorly oxygenated blood has a blueish tinge and causes the skin to look blue.

A

Cyanosis

33
Q

The main function of this accessory structure is to sense insects on the skin before they can sting us.

A

Hair

34
Q

These accessories protect the eyes from dust and perspiration.

A

Eyebrows and eyelashes

35
Q

Hair growth and distribution are influenced by these two sex hormones.

A

Estrogen & testosterone

36
Q

The part of the hair that sits above the surface of the skin.

A

Hair shaft

37
Q

The downward extension of epidermal cells penetrating the dermis is known as this.

A

Hair follicle

38
Q

The part of the hair that extends from the dermis to the surface.

A

Root

39
Q

These contain a very hard form of keratin.

A

Nails

40
Q

Found at the distal end of fingers and toes, these accessory structures protect from injury.

A

Nails

41
Q

The nail bed is apart of what layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis

42
Q

These cause the pink colour of the nail in the underlying dermal layer beneath the nail.

A

Blood vessels

43
Q

Nail condition is caused by chronic lung and heart disease.

A

Clubbing

44
Q

Blueish nails can be associated with this.

A

Hemorrhaging

45
Q

The two major exocrine glands associated with the skin.

A

Sebaceous & sudoriferous glands

46
Q

The glands associated with hair follicles that secrete an oily substance called sebum.

A

Sebaceous glands

47
Q

This gland helps inhibit the growth of bacteria on the skin.

A

Sebaceous gland

48
Q

These glands are located in the dermis.

A

Sudoriferous glands

49
Q

These glands produce oil.

A

Sebaceous glands

50
Q

These glands produce sweat.

A

Sudoriferous glands

51
Q

Sudoriferous glands exit onto the skin through this.

A

Pore

52
Q

This type of sudoriferous gland is usually associated with hair follicles in the axillary and genital areas.

A

Apocrine glands

53
Q

This type of sudoriferous gland is usually associated with the forehead, neck, back, upper lip, palms, and soles and plays an essential role in regulating body temperature.

A

Eccrine glands

54
Q

This sudoriferous gland secretes earwax to repel bugs.

A

Ceruminous gland (a modified sweat gland)

55
Q

This is maintained by balancing heat production and heat loss.

A

Body temperature

56
Q

The regulation of body temperature is called this.

A

Thermoregulation

57
Q

An excessive decrease in body temperature is called this.

A

Hypothermia

58
Q

An excessive increase in body temperature is called this.

A

Hyperthermia

59
Q

80% of heat loss happens through this organ.

A

Skin

60
Q

The thermostat of the body is located in this part of the brain.

A

Hypothalamus

61
Q

The body responds to temperature elevation by increasing ___ ___ to the skin and by ___.

A

blood flow / sweating

62
Q

This type of perspiration refers to the activity of the eccrine glands on a hot day; these glands secrete sweat onto the surface of the skin.

A

Sensible perspiration

63
Q

Sweat evaporating causes a loss of this.

A

Heat

64
Q

The blood vessels of the skin ___, thereby allowing more blood flow to the skin. This activity transfers heat from the deeper tissues to the body.

A

Dilate

65
Q

This type of perspiration refers to the secretion of a small amount of sweat and occurs before one is aware of or senses the sweating.

A

Insensible perspiration

66
Q

The name for a fever.

A

Pyrexia

67
Q

The smooth muscle cells attached to the hair follicle.

A

Arrector pili muscles

68
Q

Gives the dermis its strength.

A

Collagen

69
Q

The cutaneous membrane synthesizes Vitamin D which is necessary for the absorption of ___ from the digestive tract.

A

Calcium

70
Q

The epidermis is composed of ___ layers of epithelial tissue.

A

5

71
Q

Blood vessels, the sebaceous gland, the hair root, and sensory receptors are all located in this layer of the skin.

A

Dermis

72
Q

Heat lost from body to cooler air.

A

Radiation

73
Q

Heat lost from body to cooler object in contact with body.

A

Conduction

74
Q

Heat lost by cool air current.

A

Convection

Human Physiology - PNUR1143 -22S - Sec 1 (26 decks)

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