Shopping Flashcards
Factors that influence our decisions
Needs and wants
Resources
Values/priorities
Other people
Emotions
Fashion
Merchandising
Advertising
Culture
The decision-making procress
- Define the decision to be made (what I must decide or choose)
- Enquire about possible choices
- Consider the choices
- Investigate the results of different courses of action
- Decide on a plan and put it into action
- Evaluate the results. (Am I happy with the outcome?)
What should you consider when shopping for goods and services?
Purpose
Budget
Quality
Value
Design
Comfort
Environment
Maintenance
Guarantee
Safety
What is impulse buying?
Buying on the spur of the moment. It can often lead to disappointment or ‘buyer’s remorse.’
List of shopping outlets
Department stores Supermarkets Multiple chain stores Voluntary chains Independent shops Hypermarkets and superstores Boutiques Discount stores Specialist shops Other outlets
Department stores
-Stock a wide range of goods
Ef. footwear, clothing, furniture, food
-Most have facilities such as restaurants and toilets
Eg. Marks & Spencer, Debenhams
Supermarkets
-Self-service and sell food and general groceries.
-Stock a wide range of branded and ‘own-brand’ goods.
Eg. Tesco, superquinn
Multiple chain
-Country-wide self-service shops with a distinctive appearance and layout.
-Many sell their own-branded goods.
Eg. Dunnes Stores, Next, Pennys, A-wear
Voluntary chains
-Independently owned supermarket-chains.
Eg. Spar, Mace, Supervalu, Centra.
Independent shops
- Usually small and offer a personal service.
- Carry a smaller range of goods than larger supermarkets.
- Prices tend to be higher.
- Many stay open late
Hypermarkets and superstores
-Huge shops that combine a supermarket and a department store
-Carry vast range of goods from garden furniture to fresh fish
-Usually built on outskirts of towns
Eg. Carrefour
Boutiques
- Specialist clothes shops
- Sometimes carry an exclusive range of stock
- Prices are usually higher than in chain stores
Discount stores
These offer a limited range of goods at a reduced priced.
Eg. EuroTwo, Poundcity
Specialist shops
Specialist in particular products such as jewellery, sports wear, fishing equipment, crafts.
Other outlets.
Include: Street markets Mobile shops Doorstep selling Online shopping Party plan selling Mail order Auctions Vending machines
Advantages of self-service
Quick and convenient
Customer has more time to spend on selection
Prices are lower due to bulk buying and lower staff costs
Self-service checkouts may reduce queuing time
Disadvantages of self-service
Less personal contact
More temptation to impulse buy
Most foods are pre-packaged and may not suit a single person
Credit is not usually available
There can be long queues at checkouts.
Advantages of counter service
Personal sevice
Advice offered
Credit sometimes offered
Less effort for the shopper
Disadvantages of counter service
Higher prices
More staff are needed, which leads to higher costs
Smaller selection of goods
Changes in shopping practice
Increased competition means better prices for consumers.
Wider range of goods stocked in shops.
More emphasis on customer service
Home delivery services available
Free parking provided by shops
Greater flexibility in methods of payments..
techniques used to encourage consumer to buy more in supermarkets
- Essentials (bread, milk) are often at furthest point from entrance so customer must walk through shop..
- Items that can go together are placed near each other, eg. peanuts and crisps near drinks. Ice-cream sauces and wafers near ice cream.
- Background music is played to cover up the hustle and bustle.
- Aroma of freshly baked bread is circulated around shop to make you hungry.
- Shop’s own-brand products are placed near most expensive competitors to highlight price difference.
- Presence of in-store ATMs guarantee a ready supply of cash.
Guidelines for shopping
- Always make a list and stick to it
- Avoid impulse buying
- Avoid shopping when tired or hungry.
- Bring a shopping bag.
- Keep receipts for a while after purchase in case of a problem.
- Bulk buying non-perishables (toilet tissues, nappies, detergents) can be more economical.
functions of packaging
- Advertises the product
- Protects goods from damage
- Carries bar coads
- Keeps products (food) hygienic and fresh
- Provides information
- Makes it easier to store and sell products
Characteristics of good packaging
Strong Hygienic Biodegradable Easy to open Easy to reseal, if deserved Non-toxic
Product labelling is important to:
Identify the product
Advertise the products
Describe what the goods are made of
Warn of the dangers of using or misusing the product
Give advice on how to use and care for the product, eg. cooking and storage
Tell where the product was made
Carry bar codes
Disadvantages of packaging/over-packaging
Uses up valuable natural resources, eg. paper, plastic.
Adds go price of the product
May be difficult to open and reseal.
Can be deceptive, eg. large packet containing small item
Causes litter and pollution
Aerosols are dangerous if heated + some chemicals harm equipment
What can the consumer do to reduce waste
Refuse
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Bar codes - what do they do
Give details of product bought (size + brand)
Ensure that till receipts are more accurate
Help the retailer with stock control and ordering
Own-brands
Shops use their own brands, eg. st.bernard and tesco
Packaged simply
Often cheaper than similar branded products
Quality of own brand is often equal to more expensive brands
unit pricing
Certain unpackaged goods (eg. fruit) are priced according to a unit of measurement (eg. 98c per kg)
Also used for other packaged foods (flour)
Allow consumer to compare prices where package sizes are diff.
bulk buying
Means buying large quantities of a product (usually because it is cheaper)
Useful for stocking up on goods such as detergents, kitchen paper, toilet rolls.
Loss leaders
Products sold at a loss in order to attract customers to a shop
Once inside, they may buy other goods not reduced
Methods of payment
Cash Cheque Credit card, eg. mastercard, visa 3V voucher Debit card, eg. laser
Cash
Quick and easy
May be inconvenient for very expensive items
Can be lost or stolen
Cheque
Safer and more convenient than cash
Easy to overspend
Current account is required to write cheques
Credit card, eg. mastercard, visa
Safe and convenient
Easy to overspend
Credit may be interest free if the balance is cleared on time. If not, a high rate of interest is charged
3V voucher
3V visa prepaid vouchers are disposable prepaid visa numbers that can be used in the sane way as a visa credit card.
Debit card, eg. Laser
Safe and convenient
Current account required
Extra cash can be withdrawn when paying (cashback facility)
