Digestive system

Question 0

two types of changes in digestion

Answer 0

physical change

chemical change

Question 1

function of the digestive system

Answer 1

to break down food into tiny particles,
to pass nutrients into the blood to be used by the body,
to excrete waste matter

Question 2

physical change

Answer 2

teeth cut and grind food into smaller particles in the mouth,
the stomach churns the food into a smooth mixture called chyme.

Question 3

chemical change - what is an enzyme?

Answer 3

Enzymes are chemicals present in digestive juices that help break food down into smaller particles for absorption into the blood. Each enzyme works on one nutrient.

Question 4

chemical changes (eg protein)

Answer 4

Proteins are changed into amino acids,
Fats are changed into fatty acids and glycerol
carbohydrates are changed into simple sugars, eg glucose and maltose.

Question 5

parts of the digestive system

Answer 5

mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, liver.

Question 6

function of the mouth

Answer 6

The mouth cut and grind the food into smaller particles. The food also mixes with saliva. Saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase, which changes carbohydrates (starch) into maltose.

Question 7

Function of oesophagus

Answer 7

the oesophagus joins the mouth to the stomach. It pushes the food to the stomach.

Question 8

What is peristalsis?

Answer 8

Peristalsis is a muscular movement that pushes food along in the oesophagus and the large intestine.

Question 9

function of the stomach

Answer 9

The stomach stores the food and churns it into a smooth liquid called chyme. The chyme gradually goes out of the stomach into the small intestine.

Question 10

what is pepsin (in stomach)

Answer 10

An enzyme called pepsin is made in the stomach. Pepsin changes protein into peptide chains. Acid is produced in the stomach to help pepsin to work.j

Question 11

function of small intestine

Answer 11

Bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice are added to food in the small intestine.. Digested food is absorbed in the small intestine.

Question 12

pancreas function

Answer 12

the pancreas produces enzymes.

Question 13

liver function

Answer 13

the gall bladder in the liver produces bile, which helps to break down fats.

Question 14

what are villi?

Answer 14

Villi are tiny hair-like fingers that cover the inner layer of the small intestine. Digested food goes from the small intestine into the blood through the villi.

Question 15

order of nutrients going into the blood through villi

Answer 15

glucose and amino acids go directly into the blood.
Fatty acids and glycerol go into the lymph system first and then into the blood.
The blood transports the digested food around the body, where it is used in the cells for growth and energy.

Question 16

nutrients made in the large intestine

Answer 16

vitamin K and B

Question 17

fibre in the diet

Answer 17

Fibre in the diet makes the wastes bulky, which helps the movement of waste along the intestine.

Question 18

guidelines for a healthy digestive system.

Answer 18

eat a diet high in fibre
drink lots of water
reduce alcohol consumption
visit the doctor for digestive problems
eat or drink probiotic foods such as probiotic yoghurt.