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Home economics > Needlework Skills > Flashcards

Needlework Skills Flashcards

0
Q

Chain stitch

A

A chain stitch is used for outlines.

  • Begin with a backstitch at the top of the outline.
  • Work downwards, holding the thread with your free thumb to form a loop.
  • Insert the needle inside the loop, beside where the thread emerged.
  • Finish with a secure stitch, bringing the needle through to the back of the fabfic. Weave the thread through a few stitches on the wrong side of the fabric. Cut the thread.
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1
Q

Stem stitch

A

A stem stitch is used for outlines.

  • Start with a backstitch.
  • Make even, slightly slanted stitches along a line, working from right to left.
  • The thread must always be kept at the right of the needle.
  • The thread should come out above the previous stitch.
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2
Q

Fiur types of embroidery stitches (by hand)

A

Stem stitch
Chain stitch
Satin stitch
Long and short stitch

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3
Q

Satin stitch

A

A satin stitch is used to fill in shapes.

  • Insert the needle through one side of the shape and cut through the other.
  • Stitches may be straight or slanted but must be very close together.
  • To give extra thickness, work a running stitch around the design before beginning the satin stitch.
  • Stitches which are too long drag the fabric. Long and short stitch is more suitable for wide shapes.
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4
Q

Long and short stitch

A

This is used to fill in shapes and give a shaded effect.

-First row:
Make a long stitch and then a short stitch.
-Second row:
Make a short stitch and then a long stitch so that the rows fit into each other.

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5
Q

Selecting fabric for home sewing

A
  • Consider cost
  • Consider colour & pattern
  • Fabric should not fray too much
  • Should be easy to sew and should be non-slip and not too stretchy
  • Avoid fabric with nap or one-way design.
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6
Q

Naps

A

Naps means that the fabric has a raised surface and the fibres lie in one direction.
It feels smooth if you rub it one way and rough if you rub it the other way.

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7
Q

One-way designs

A

One-way designs are patterns on fabric that all face the same direction.

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8
Q

Guidelines for hand sewing

A
  • Use a single thread which is not too long
  • Pin seams and hems before tacking
  • Begin and finish sewing with secure stitching to prevent ripping
  • Protect your finger with a thimble when sewing thick fabrics
  • If you are right-handed, work from right to left, if you are left-handed, work from left to right.
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9
Q

List of hand stitches

A 
Tacking
Running
Gathering
Backstitching 
Hemming
Slip hemming
Top sewing
Tailor tacking
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10
Q

Tacking (basting)

A

A temporary stitch used to hold fabric together while permanent stitching (machining) is being done.

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11
Q

Running

A

The same as tacking but smaller. It is used for seams or for gathering fabric by hand.

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12
Q

Gathering

A

Used to make a wide piece of fabric fit a narrow piece. Eg. to fit a gathered frill into a cushion.

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13
Q

Backstitching

A

A strong stitch that can be used instead of machining to sew seams.

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14
Q

Hemming

A

Used to hold down facings, bindings, waistbands and collars.

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15
Q

Slip hemming

A

Used on the hems of clothes because it is a almost invisible on the right side. It can be made more secure by sewing a backstitch every now and then along the fold.

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16
Q

Top sewing

A

A small, secure stitch which is worked on the right side of the fabric.
It is used to join finished edges together.

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17
Q

Tailor tacking

A

Used to transfer transfer pattern markings from a pattern onto doubled fabric.

18
Q

machine stitch list

A

straight stitch
zig-zag stitch
buttonhole stitch
embroidery stitch

19
Q

Straight stitch

A

Used for most sewing, Eg. seams, to apply waistbands and to sew hems on non-stretch fabrics.
The length can be adjusted. Long stitches are used for thick fabric.

20
Q

Zig-zag stitch

A

Used for finishing seams, sewing stretchy fabric and appliqué.

21
Q

Buttonhole stitch

A

Used for making buttonholes.

22
Q

Embroidery stitch

A

Used for decorative work.

23
Q

Choosing a sewing machine

A

Consider the following factors:

  • Cost
  • Is it easy to use?
  • What stitches/special features will you need?
  • What attachments/extras are included?
  • Does it have a reliable brand name?
  • The after-sales service and guarantee.
24
Q

Care for a sewing machine.

A
  • Follow instructions for use and cleaning.
  • Do not run a threaded machine without fabric.
  • Cover when not in use to avoid dust.
  • Oil moving parts occasionally.
  • Have the machine serviced regularly.
25
Q

Machine faults

A

Needle breaks

Thread breaks

Uneven stitches

Looped stitches

Slipped stitches

Puckered seams

26
Q

Needle breaks

A
  • Pulling fabrics before raising needle
  • Top tension too tight
  • Needle too fine or inserted incorrectly
  • Loose presser foot
27
Q

Thread breaks

A
  • Top tension too tight
  • Incorrect threading of machine
  • Poor-quality thread
  • Needle inserted incorrectly
28
Q

Uneven stitches

A
  • Incorrect threading
  • Needle set too high/low
  • Pulling/pushing fabric while machining
  • Needle blunt or inserted incorrectly
29
Q

Looped stitches

A
  • Top tension too loose
  • Incorrect threading of machine
  • Bobbin threaded incorrectly
30
Q

Slipped stitches

A
  • Wrong side of needle
  • Needle set too high/low
  • Needle inserted incorrectly
31
Q

Puckered seams

A
  • Tension set incorrectly

- Needle too thin/thick

32
Q

List of seams

A

flat seam

seam finishes

33
Q

what are seams

A

Seams are made when two pieces of fabric are joined by a line of sewing.

34
Q

Flat seam

A

The basic method used to join fabrics

35
Q

Seam finishes

A

Flat seam is usually finished using straight stitching (edge machining or zig-zag stitching)

-Edge machining
suitable for light/medium-weight fabrics

-Zig-zag machining

36
Q

Pinking shears

A

Sometimes used to trim edges of closely woven fabric

37
Q

Notch

A

A triangular symbol on a paper pattern which is transferred to the fabric.
Used to line up pieces of fabric to be joined

38
Q

Dart

A

Construction marks include darts, pleats and pockets.
A dark is a pointed, wedge-shaped fold of a fabric.
It is used to give shape to a garment. Eg. at bust or hips.

39
Q

Sewing equipment

A

needles

thread

pins

scissors

pinking shears

measuring tape

tailors chalk

40
Q

What is embroidery?

A

Embroidery can be done by hand or machine.

It is used to decorate fabrics.

41
Q

using a sewing machine

A

Thread the machine properly

adjust stitch length and tension to suit the fabric

test the stitch on a length of fabric

begin machining by pressing lightly on the foot pedal

if you need to stop in the middle of a line, or to turn a corner, leave the needle in the fabric

42
Q

transferring pattern markings

A

tailor tacking

tailors chalk

tracing wheel and carbon paper

Home economics (46 decks)

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