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Home economics > Fibres and fabrics > Flashcards

Fibres and fabrics Flashcards

0
Q

Natural fibres

A

Plant:
Cotton
Linen

Animal:
Wool
Silk

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1
Q

Fibres

A

Fibres are fine, hair-like structures.

They are used to make yarn and yarn is used to make fabric.

Fabric –> Yarn –> Fabric –> Garment

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2
Q

Manufactured fibres

A

Regenerated:
Viscose
Acetate

Synthetic:
Polyester
Acrylic

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3
Q

Production of cotton

A
  • Comes from boll of cotton plant
  • Bolls are picked by hand/machine
  • Fibres are separated from seeds (ginning)
  • Fibres pressed into bales.
  • Cotton is graded
  • Fibres combined + spun into yarn.
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4
Q

Properties of cotton

A

Desirable:
Absorbent
Strong
Easy to wash and dry

Undesirable:
Not very stretchy
Burns easily
Damaged by mildew

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5
Q

Fabrics & uses for cotton

A

Fabrics:
Towelling
Cotton
Denim

Uses:
Jeans
Sweatshirts
Towels
Sheets
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6
Q

Where does linen come from

A

the flax plant

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7
Q

Production of linen

A

Stems pulled up by their roots

stems are left to soak for several weeks to rot (retting)

fibres are separated

fibres are combined & spun into yarn

long fibres –> fine yarn
short fibres –> coarse yarn

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8
Q

properties of linen

A

desirable:
absorbent
strong
hardwearing

undesirable:
shrinks
burns easily
damaged by mildew

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9
Q

fabrics & uses for linen

A 
fabrics:
canvas
cambric
uses:
suits
dresses
curtains
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10
Q

Production of wool

A
  • fleece (hair) is removed from sheep
  • it is graded
  • cleaned & combed (carding)
  • spun into yarn
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11
Q

properties of wool

A

desirable:
warm
soft
absorbent

undesirable:
feels itchy beside skin
easily scorched, damaged by moths
does not dry easily

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12
Q

fabrics and uses of wool

A

fabrics:
flannel
tweed

uses:
jumpers
blankets

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13
Q

Production of silk

A
  • Produced from silkworm
  • Silk moth lays eggs, new worms feed on leaves of mulberry tree
  • Worms spin cocoons of silk
  • Cocoons are heated, soeaked. Threads are removed.
  • Threads are wound onto reeks.
  • The threads are spun into yarn.
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14
Q

properties of silk

A

desirable:
absorbent
strong
smooth

undesirable:
flammable
damaged by moths
damages by chemicals

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15
Q

fabrics and uses for silk

A

fabrics:
chiffon
satin
taffeta

uses:
shirts
curtains

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16
Q

Two types of manufactured fibres

A

regenerated

synthetic

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17
Q

what do regenerated fibres contain?

A

Regenerated fibres contain cellulose because they come from plants.

-Wood, seaweed and cotton waste are crushed and used to make fibres.

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18
Q

Production of regenerated fibres

A
  • cellulose and cotton waste is pulped and mixed with chemicals.
  • it is made into a thick liquid
  • the liquid is forced through tiny holes in a spinneret (like a shower head) to make yarn
  • Yarn is twisted and cut
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19
Q

Properties of regenerated fabrics

A

desirable:
absorbent
easy to dye
cool

undesirable:
crease easily
not very
durable

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20
Q

fabrics and uses for regenerated fabrics

A

fabrics:
viscose

uses:
lightweight clothes
tablecloths
napkins

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21
Q

Synthetic fibres

A

Purely man-made

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22
Q

Production of synthetic fibres

A
  • chemicals from petroleum are mixed to produce a thick liquid.
  • The liquid is forced through tiny holes in a spinneret
  • Long uniform fibres (continuous filaments) are twisted together to make smooth yarn.
  • Fibres can be cut into short (staple) fibres
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23
Q

properties of synthetic fabrics

A

desirable:
strong
elastic
durable

undesirable:
does not absorb moisture
clingy
causes static

24
Q

fabrics and uses for synthetic fibres

A

fabrics:
nylon
polyester
acrylic

uses:
-nylon-
tights
linings
waterproof clothes
25
Q

denier

A

denier is used to describe the thickness of manufactured fibres.
The lower the number, the finer the yarn.

26
Q

Blended fabrics

A

various fabrics can be combined to create fabrics with many desirable properties eg. polycotton

27
Q

fabric construction

A 
spinning yarn
weaving
straight
grain
bias
knitting
non-woven fabrics
28
Q

spinning yarn

A

spinning is the process of twisting fibres into yarn.
loose twist = soft, bulky yarn
tight twist = finer, stronger yarn

29
Q

weaving

A

weaving is the interlacing of yarns at right angles to each other.
weaving is done on a loom.

30
Q

warp

A

the warp, or strong thread, runs in the direction of the length of the fabric.

31
Q

weft

A

the weft, or weaker thread, runs in the direction of the width of the fabric.

32
Q

selvage

A

the side of the fabric running in the direction of the warp threads.
the selvage stops sides fraying.

33
Q

straight grain

A

straight grain means the direction of the warp threads in a fbric.
this makes them hang better.

34
Q

bias

A

bias is the diagonal line of a fabric.
the fabric stretches when it is pulled along this line.
clothes cut on the bias drape well

35
Q

knitting

A

knitting means linking together loops of yarn into knots called stitches.
it is done by hand or marchine.

36
Q

advantages of knitting

A

stretchy
comfortable
warm
crease resistant

37
Q

non-woven fabrics

A

non-woven or bonded fabrics are made directly from fibres without being made into yarn.
the fibres are held together suing adhesive, heat, pressure or stitching.

38
Q

advantages of non-woven fabrics

A

do not fray
are cheap to produce
keep their shape well

39
Q

disadvantages of non-woven fabrics.

A

do not wear well
felt is damaged by water
non-woven blankets don’t trap air and therefore are not as warm as wool

40
Q

Methods of applying pattern to fabric

A

dyeing

printing

weaving, knitting, and bonding.

41
Q

dyeing

A

a dye is a substance added to fabric to give it colour.

42
Q

two types of dyes

A

natural dyes eg. berries and leaves

synthetic dyes

43
Q

printing + examples

A

printing means applying colour and pattern to one side of the fabric only.

Eg:
block printing
screen printing
fabric pens
transfer crayons
fabric paints
44
Q

Weaving, knitting, and bonding

A

In woven and knitted fabrics, the yarns are arranged to form certain patterns.

In non-woven or bonded fabrics, the fibres are arranged.

45
Q

Identifying fibres test

A

the burn test

46
Q

Identifying protein fibres

A

wool/silk

As it gets near flame - fibres stick together and curl away from the flame.

When it touches flame - burns very slowly

After it touches flame - stops burning

Smell - Like burning hair, feathers or nail clippings

Residue - Dark, soft ash, easy to crush

47
Q

Identifying cellulose fibres

A

Cotton/linen/viscose

As it gets near flame - Ignites as it draws near

When it touches flame - Burns quickly

After it touches flame - Goes on burning

Smell - Like burning paper

Residue - Grey ash, like a sheet of paper when burned

48
Q

Identifying nylon

A

As it gets near flame - Fibres melt and shrink away from the flame; may drip

When it touches flame - Melts and burns slowly

After it touches flame - Usually goes out

Smell - Like celery

Residue - Hard beads - light grey or beige

49
Q

Fabric finishes

A

A fabric finish is a chemical treatment applied to a fabric to improve its appearance or performance.

Eg. Fabrics can be made crease resistant or waterproof.

50
Q

Types of fabric finishes

A

Brushing

Flame proof

Permanent pleating

Waterproof

Stain repellent

Shrink resistant

Crease resistant

51
Q

Brushing

A

Purpose
Makes fabric feel softer and warmer, eg. brushed nylon or cotton/flannelette

Uses
Children’s nightwear and bed clothes

52
Q

Flame proof

A

Purpose
Makes fabric less flammable

Uses
Children’s nightwear, furnishing fabrics

53
Q

Permanent pleating

A

Purpose
Pleats don’t fall out, no need to iron

Use
Skirts, trousers

54
Q

Waterproof

A

Purpose
Prevents any water getting through

Uses
Raincoats, outdoor sports wear

55
Q

Stain repellent

A

Purpose
Prevents stains from penetrating

Uses Carpets, upholstery, clothing fabrics

56
Q

Shrink resistant

A

Purpose
Prevents shrinking

Uses
Furnishing fabrics, clothing

57
Q

Crease resistant

A

Purpose
Creases fall out more easily, less ironing required

Uses
Shirts, dresses, trousers, tablecloth, curtains

Home economics (46 decks)

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