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First year semester 2 > SHEEEEEEP > Flashcards

SHEEEEEEP Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main product of sheep?

A
  1. Meat

2. wool = 5% ewe value. Mainly for welfare: heat stress and fly strike

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2
Q

What is stratification?

A

How we use the breeds (huge in UK, not so much in New Z)

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3
Q

What is furcumnenty?

A

Litter size

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4
Q

What are the typical characteristics of hill and upland sheep

A
  1. Hill = mothering instincts, hardiness, single lamb

2. upland = larger frame (more meat), more likely to have twins

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5
Q

Low land sheep characteristics

A
  1. good mothering,

2. usually cross mother and a pure ram (Suffolk, charolais)

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6
Q

How to increase flock performance (more money per ewe to ram

A 
1. Higher scanning%
= more lambs born
= more lambs reared
2. Higher lamb weights - live and carcass
3. Higher price 
4. Less store lambs (
5. Lower feed cost
6. Lower fixed and variable costs
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7
Q

Housing

a) ewe
b) ewe with lambs
c) weaned lamb

A
  1. 1.2 – 1.4 m2 = ewe
  2. 2.0 – 2.2 m2 = ewe with lambs
  3. 0.8 – 0.9 m2 = weaned lamb
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8
Q

What are legal requirements

A
  1. record all movements
  2. ID before 6/9 months old. Electronic ID = chip in ear tag
    - Single EID if slaughter less than 12 mo
    - full EID (electronic and plastic) if stay more than 12 mo
  3. Record date of ID and death
  4. Annual sheep inventory
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9
Q

Growth rate of lamb first week: DLWG

A
  1. Daily live weight gain = 250-350 grams at peak

2. single lambs grown 80g/ day faster than twins

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10
Q

what do we need to provide for rumen to develop

A
  1. Forage
  2. Water
  3. concentrates
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11
Q

Growth rate of lamb first week: DLWG

A
  1. Daily live weight gain = 250-350 grams at peak
  2. single lambs grown 80g/ day faster than twins
  3. If weaned before 8 weeks = very poor growth
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12
Q

what do we need to provide for rumen to develop

A
  1. Forage
  2. Water
  3. concentrates
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13
Q

Aim for weaning?

A
  1. 12-14 weeks
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14
Q

What is creep feed

A
  1. providing concentrates so that only lambs can get to and no adults
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15
Q

Clinical issues with concentrtes at young age

A
  1. too young = rumen microflora not developed = CCN (gradually introduce), thysis (add salt)
  2. kidney stones
    3.
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16
Q

What are short and medium keep lambs?

A
  1. Lambs 5-7 kg off target weight. Finished on rape, turnips, beet tops
  2. more than 5 kg off = keep for 2-3 months
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17
Q

What are short and medium keep lambs?

A
  1. Lambs 5-7 kg off target weight. Finished on rape, turnips, beet tops
  2. more than 5 kg off = keep for 2-3 months, grass/ stubble. Finished on root/ arable by-products
18
Q

What is flushing?

A
  1. short extra feeding in run up to breeding to inc twin
19
Q

What is important when tupping for the ewe

A
  1. nutrition must NOT decrease in first 6 weeks post tupping

2. may have ti put out supplementary forage if grass quality decreases

20
Q

Energy requirements for ewe

A
  1. Maintenance = 3% body weight = 2.1 kg dry matter = 10MJ
  2. Last stage of pregnancy = 4 weeks pre partum = 15MJ
  3. Lambing 20MJ
21
Q

Energy requirements for ewe

A
  1. Maintenance = 3% body weight = 2.1 kg dry matter = 10MJ
  2. Last stage of pregnancy = 4 weeks pre partum = 15MJ
  3. Lambing 20MJ - must be maintained while lactating. (inc if triplets)
  4. appetite reduces nearer lambing.
  5. Hay not enough so must have silage or concentrates
22
Q

What is essential for the ewe?

A
  1. Correct nutrition and uptake
  2. body condition score: N
  3. Scan for foetal numbers: N
  4. Teeth: N
  5. Shelter
  6. Trough space
  7. Food during gatherings
23
Q

Sheep terminology

A
  1. Shearling: between its 1st and 2nd shearing
  2. Hogget: (i) young sheep of either gender
    slaughtered before permanent incisors have
    erupted (‘old season lambs’).
    • (ii) a sheep between weaning and its first
    shearing
  3. Gimmer: young female, between 1 to 2 years of
    age, that has not born a lamb
  4. Ram / ewe lamb: male / female young < 1 year old
  5. Wether: castrated male
24
Q

Sheep terminology 2

A
  1. Draft ewe: ewe too old for rough grazing (such
    as moorland), drafted out of the flock to move
    to better grazing on another farm
  2. 2-tooth: sheep with first pair of permanent
    incisors erupted (followed by 4 / 6 / 8 – tooth)
  3. Broken mouth: adult that has lost some or all of
    its incisors (usually over 6 years old)
  4. Hefting: combined instinct & copied behaviour
    in some breeds to stay in small local area,
    therefore no fencing needed. Useful for hill /
    moorland areas.
  5. Tup: uncastrated male, usually used for breeding
25
Q

What is good practise with regards to BCS adn weaning?

A

Good practice: also assess 8 weeks after lambing –> if thin, wean lambs early.
ONE BCS = 10% body weight

26
Q

What is preg toxaemia

A
  1. Long term under feeding
  2. Then very little food
  3. On paper things can look good so assess quality
27
Q

When is peak lactation for sheep?

Dry matter intake

A
  1. 4 weeks after lamb
  2. ME requirement = min 20MJ
  3. DMI: single = 2.5 kg, twin = 3kg
28
Q

What si hypocalcaemia

A
  1. occurs either before lambing or after as come up to peak lactation
  2. before = growth of fetus rapid in last few weeks. Calcium required to grow fetus
  3. Dairy = 24-48 hrs after calf!
  4. Sudden change in diet as rumen not adapted
  5. Stress
29
Q

What is hypomagnesaemia

A
  1. Mainly lactating dam
  2. no Mg storage so unless daily intake, very quickly become low in Mg
  3. bad weather, coming towards peak lactation, no eating
30
Q

How to diagnose hypomag or calc?

A

Clinical signs are very similar, without lab testing = struggle so usually vets/ farmers treat for both

31
Q

Deficiency of Copper =

A
  1. Sway back, poor growth
32
Q

Deficiency of cobalt

A

Pine, ill thrift, scour

33
Q

Deficiency of iodine

A

Goitre, poor growth, dec fertility

34
Q

Deficiency of selenium

A

white msucle disease

35
Q

DEficiency of Vit E

A

Low vigour

36
Q

Concentrate bucket issues

A
  1. some sheep eat half box

2. others don’t touch

37
Q

Silage issue

A
  1. animal with neurological signs if bale gets listeria = struggle to get pH lwo enough
38
Q

Feeding root crops

A
  1. pregnant ewes
  2. if ground freezes sheep can’t plough up
  3. heavily pregnant animal = very bulky food. Thought it can lead to vaginal prolapse due toxic abdominal pressure
39
Q

Stocking density

A
  1. Lowland: 15 ewes / ha
  2. Upland: 12.5 ewes / ha
  3. Hill: 1.5 ewes / ha (lower pasture quality)
40
Q

Ram condition score
What is the range
What do we want

A
  1. BCS ranges from 1- 5
    start of breeding want
  2. 3.5-4
  3. If too low, seamen quality will be bad

First year semester 2 (50 decks)

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