DEER

Question 1

Deer stomachs

Answer 1

1. same as cow

2. Reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum

Question 2

List indigenous deer species

Answer 2

1. Red deer
2. roe deer
3. Fallow = not indigenous exactly but introduced yeeeears ago

Question 3

Names of red deer sexes and young

Answer 3

1. female = hinds
2. Male = stag
   young = calf

Question 4

Red deer Breeding

Answer 4

1. called “rut”
2. occurs oct - December
3. calve in may-july

Question 5

What happens to male deers around breeding?

Answer 5

1. body weight goes up by about 20%

Question 6

roe deer breeding

Answer 6

1. female = 15-35kg

2. male = 20-50kg

Question 7

Red deer weights

Answer 7

1. female = 65-120 kg

2. male = 90-220 kg

Question 8

roe deer names

Answer 8

1. female = Doe
2. Male = buck
3. young = kid. Can have up to triplets!

Question 9

Fallow deer names

Answer 9

1. Female = doe
2. males = buck
3. fawn = young

Question 10

Roe deer breeding and kid

Answer 10

1. Rut = july - aug

2. kid = may- june

Question 11

Fallow deer identification

Answer 11

1. even adult has dots

2. 4 main colour variation, including almost black! = hard to see dots

Question 12

Fallow deer weights

Answer 12

1. Doe = 35-55kg
   bcuk = 45-95 kg
   fawn = only 1, never twins

Question 13

Fallow deer rut and calve

Answer 13

1. rut = november

2. calve = june

Question 14

how many species of deer in UK?

Answer 14

6

In every continent but australia

Question 15

Exotic species

Answer 15

1. Muntjac
2. Chinese water deer
3. Sika
   all have escaped from private collections

Question 16

What is the purpose and products of deer?

Answer 16

1. Venison: rising consumer demand in 2010.
   Low in fat
2. Deer stalking: jobs
3. Other products: hide, pizzles, tails, canines, sinews, trophy

Question 17

Where to inject?

Answer 17

1. neck as don’t want to bruise/ damage hide

Question 18

Wild deer

Answer 18

1. largest population
2. common and privately owned land/ forests = some interference (culling)
3. conflicts: forestry, crops, traffic

Question 19

PArk deer

Answer 19

1. managed to behave and breed naturally
2. but enclosed in an area
3. higher stock density than in wind so usually some input in winter and culling
4. think as in between wild and farm
5. fallow most popualr, red, sikka then reindeer

Question 20

Farmed deer

Answer 20

1. small industry

2. cost of breeding animals: hind = up to £500 Stag £1,500 - £3,000

Question 21

What kind of breeders?

Answer 21

Short day breeders

1. intensely seasonal so very short breeding period (rut)
2. appetite adn growth falls greatly in winter = uneconomic to fatten in winter

Question 22

How to age?

Answer 22

number of spikes.

2. 2 yr old = 2
3. grow every year

Question 23

What to do after calve?

Answer 23

1. tag and sex

2. work yearlings

Question 24

slaughter at what age

Answer 24

15 to 18 months old

Question 25

What vaccine?

Answer 25

1. clostridial vaccine - like most ruminants susceptible to this disease

Question 26

Housing

Answer 26

1. must have good shelter as energy demand can inc 50% in winter
2. feel cold much more than cattle and sheep
3. space like dairy

Question 27

Deer Fencing

Answer 27

1. 2 metres
2. double fence line
3. smooth runs and avoid corners

Question 28

What to be careful with when handling

Answer 28

1. fight and flight adapted - jump and strike
2. be calm and patient
3. darkened light
4. Body protection
5. don’t surround
6. dim light
7. handling facilities on top of hill as run to hill when scared

Question 29

Handling stags

Answer 29

1. Never handle during rutting season = high agression
2. work form outside / through system
3. always 2 people
4. warning behaviours: groan, ears down/ back, head lowered, hair raised, lolling tongue, roll eyes

Question 30

Deantlering

Answer 30

1. as soon as velvet shed NEVER before (pre rut)
2. Less aggressive so safer for stock
3. wire or saw, restrain in crush or darted
4. not allowed to transport if antlers unless in separate individual compartment

Question 31

Slaughter

Answer 31

1. on farm best
2. can transport to red meat abattoir
3. handling v different to cattle so a lot don’t accept

Question 32

Main diseases

Answer 32

1. bovine TB
2. Endoparasites
3. Chronic wasting disease (not in UK yet) in norway and US

Question 33

Legal requirements for deer

Answer 33

1. Movement recording
   England = farmed, park individual ID
2. Movement of wild deer or release into wild: muntjac NEVER moved
3. Wild deer = up to point of cull = don’t belong to anyone

Question 34

Deer acts

Answer 34

1. Deer Act
2. Code of practice on deer managemetn
3. Code f recommendations for the welfare of livestock
4. Scotland wildlife and natural environment act