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First year semester 2 > Hind limb: Pelvic Girdle and Hip joint > Flashcards

Hind limb: Pelvic Girdle and Hip joint Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different regions of the hind limb?

A
  1. Gluteal = around hip
  2. Thigh = region between hip to stifle
  3. Popliteal = caudal aspect of condyle. Depression groovy
  4. Crus = between stifle and tarsus/ hock
  5. Pes = metatarsals and digits
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2
Q

Name the bones of the hindlimb

A
  1. Pelvis-pelvic girdle (hip)
  2. Femur (long bone)
  3. Patella and Seasmoid bones (paires)
  4. Tibia and fibula
  5. Tarsal bones
  6. Metatarsal bones and seasmoid bones
  7. Phalanges/ digits
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3
Q

What bone articulates and fixes the pelvic girdle with axial skeleton
What is it part of?

A
  1. Sacrum

2. Part of axial skeleton

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4
Q

What bones are found at the stifle joint?

A
  1. Seasmoid bones at caudal and cranial (patella) aspect
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5
Q

What joints are in the hind limb?

A
  1. Sacro-iliac joint
  2. Hip joint
  3. Stifle joint
  4. Tarsus/hock joint
  5. Tarso-metatarsal joint
  6. Metatarsophalangeal joint
  7. Proximal interphalangeal joint
  8. Distal interphalangeal joint
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6
Q

What is a contrast between the hip and shoulder joint?

A
  1. Forelimb = no fixed pivoting point

2. Hind = pivoting of limb

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7
Q

In locomotion, what are the main uses of the fore and hind limb?

A
  1. fore = weight bearing

2. hind = propulsion

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8
Q

What bones make up the pelvis?

What bones fuse to form this?

A 
Pelvis is made up of the 2 hip bones (os coxae): flat bones
4 flat bones fuse to form:
1. Ilium
2. Ischium
3. Pubis
4. Acetabulum
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9
Q

what is the name for where the 2 hip bones meet

A

Pelvic symphysis

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10
Q

What makes up the Ilium

A

Body and Wing (distal)

  1. Greater ischaiatic notch
  2. Iliopubic eminence
  3. Dorsal iliac spine
  4. Ventral iliac spine
  5. Gluteal surface (concave)
  6. Sacropelvic surface (medial aspect)
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11
Q

What makes up the Ischium?

A
  1. Lesser ischiatic notch
  2. Ischiatic tuberosity
  3. Ischiatic arch
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12
Q

What is the “hole” in the pelvic girdle called?

A

Obturator foramen

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13
Q

What bones make up the sacro-iliac joint?

What supports it

A

3 fused sacral vertebrae

Supported by ligaments from lumbar and sacral vertebrae

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14
Q

What is the concave structure at the cranial aspect of the pubis?

A
  1. Pecten

which is filled by the prepubic tendon

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15
Q

What forms the caudal aspect of the pelvic floor?

A
  1. Ischium

2. Ischiatic arch

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16
Q

What is the socket like structure of the pelvis called?

A
  1. Acetabulum
  2. Articulates with head of femur
    3.
17
Q

What are the centres of ossification for the pelvic girdle?

A 
4 primary centres for each bone
1. Ilium
2. Ischium
3. Pubis
4. acetabular
3 Secondary centres
1. Dorsal iliac creste
2. Tuber ischium
3. Ischiatic arch
18
Q

What is different between the wings of the ilium between dogs and cats

A
  1. Dog: although wings are verticle they slightly diverge
  2. Cats = completely parallel.
    Cats have larger obturator
    Cats ahve smaller greater trochanter
    Cats have larger lesser trochanter
19
Q

What is the bone of the thigh region and what about

A
  1. Femur
  2. long bone = medullary cavity
  3. S shaped:
  4. Head, body, condyles
  5. distal end = medial and lateral condyle
20
Q

What is found at the proximal end of the femur?

A
  1. Head = almost spherical. Articulates with acetabulum hip joint, smooth surface
  2. Fovea = depression. Rough bone, attached ligament of head of femur (round/ teres ligament)
  3. Neck = forms angle between head and body
  4. Greater trochanter = lateral = palpable feature for locating joint
  5. Lesser trochanter = medial
21
Q

Distal fumer: caudal

A
  1. Medial and lateral condyle - articulate with tibia = stifle joint
  2. Intercondylar fossa = depression, rough bone, attachment of cruciate ligaments
  3. Popliteal fossa = hollow behind knee
22
Q

Distal Fumer: cranial

A
  1. Medial trochlear ridge
  2. Lateral trochlear ridge
  3. Trochlear groove = smooth surface, covered with hyaline cartilage, articulation of patella
  4. Extensor fossa = lateral aspect of condyles. Tendon of origin of long distal extensor muscle
23
Q

Centres of ossification of femur

A

4 centres

  1. Head
  2. Greater trochanter
  3. Body
  4. Distal epiphysis
24
Q

The cranial seasmoid bone

A
  1. PATELLA!
  2. Pyramid shape
  3. Sits in trochlear groove
  4. Hyaline cartilage
  5. Proximal and distal glide
  6. Embedded in quad
  7. If not work = no stifle joint
  8. Continues as patellar ligament
  9. Inserts onto tibial tuberosity
25
Q

Caudal seasmoid bone

A
  1. PAired set of fabellae both medial and lateral. Embedded in gastrocnemius msucle. Popliteal fossa
  2. Popliteal seasmoid = embedded in popliteus muscle
26
Q

What is the difference/ same in seasmoid bones found in cats vs dogs?

A
  1. both have 4 seasmoid
  2. Cat medial seasmoid can’t see on a radiograph as is in a very cartilaginous area. All can see is patella (cranial), lateral fabella and popliteal seasmoid (caudal)

First year semester 2 (50 decks)

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