Hind limb: Pelvic Girdle and Hip joint Flashcards
What are the different regions of the hind limb?
- Gluteal = around hip
- Thigh = region between hip to stifle
- Popliteal = caudal aspect of condyle. Depression groovy
- Crus = between stifle and tarsus/ hock
- Pes = metatarsals and digits
Name the bones of the hindlimb
- Pelvis-pelvic girdle (hip)
- Femur (long bone)
- Patella and Seasmoid bones (paires)
- Tibia and fibula
- Tarsal bones
- Metatarsal bones and seasmoid bones
- Phalanges/ digits
What bone articulates and fixes the pelvic girdle with axial skeleton
What is it part of?
- Sacrum
2. Part of axial skeleton
What bones are found at the stifle joint?
- Seasmoid bones at caudal and cranial (patella) aspect
What joints are in the hind limb?
- Sacro-iliac joint
- Hip joint
- Stifle joint
- Tarsus/hock joint
- Tarso-metatarsal joint
- Metatarsophalangeal joint
- Proximal interphalangeal joint
- Distal interphalangeal joint
What is a contrast between the hip and shoulder joint?
- Forelimb = no fixed pivoting point
2. Hind = pivoting of limb
In locomotion, what are the main uses of the fore and hind limb?
- fore = weight bearing
2. hind = propulsion
What bones make up the pelvis?
What bones fuse to form this?
Pelvis is made up of the 2 hip bones (os coxae): flat bones 4 flat bones fuse to form: 1. Ilium 2. Ischium 3. Pubis 4. Acetabulum
what is the name for where the 2 hip bones meet
Pelvic symphysis
What makes up the Ilium
Body and Wing (distal)
- Greater ischaiatic notch
- Iliopubic eminence
- Dorsal iliac spine
- Ventral iliac spine
- Gluteal surface (concave)
- Sacropelvic surface (medial aspect)
What makes up the Ischium?
- Lesser ischiatic notch
- Ischiatic tuberosity
- Ischiatic arch
What is the “hole” in the pelvic girdle called?
Obturator foramen
What bones make up the sacro-iliac joint?
What supports it
3 fused sacral vertebrae
Supported by ligaments from lumbar and sacral vertebrae
What is the concave structure at the cranial aspect of the pubis?
- Pecten
which is filled by the prepubic tendon
What forms the caudal aspect of the pelvic floor?
- Ischium
2. Ischiatic arch
What is the socket like structure of the pelvis called?
- Acetabulum
- Articulates with head of femur
3.
What are the centres of ossification for the pelvic girdle?
4 primary centres for each bone 1. Ilium 2. Ischium 3. Pubis 4. acetabular 3 Secondary centres 1. Dorsal iliac creste 2. Tuber ischium 3. Ischiatic arch
What is different between the wings of the ilium between dogs and cats
- Dog: although wings are verticle they slightly diverge
- Cats = completely parallel.
Cats have larger obturator
Cats ahve smaller greater trochanter
Cats have larger lesser trochanter
What is the bone of the thigh region and what about
- Femur
- long bone = medullary cavity
- S shaped:
- Head, body, condyles
- distal end = medial and lateral condyle
What is found at the proximal end of the femur?
- Head = almost spherical. Articulates with acetabulum hip joint, smooth surface
- Fovea = depression. Rough bone, attached ligament of head of femur (round/ teres ligament)
- Neck = forms angle between head and body
- Greater trochanter = lateral = palpable feature for locating joint
- Lesser trochanter = medial
Distal fumer: caudal
- Medial and lateral condyle - articulate with tibia = stifle joint
- Intercondylar fossa = depression, rough bone, attachment of cruciate ligaments
- Popliteal fossa = hollow behind knee
Distal Fumer: cranial
- Medial trochlear ridge
- Lateral trochlear ridge
- Trochlear groove = smooth surface, covered with hyaline cartilage, articulation of patella
- Extensor fossa = lateral aspect of condyles. Tendon of origin of long distal extensor muscle
Centres of ossification of femur
4 centres
- Head
- Greater trochanter
- Body
- Distal epiphysis
The cranial seasmoid bone
- PATELLA!
- Pyramid shape
- Sits in trochlear groove
- Hyaline cartilage
- Proximal and distal glide
- Embedded in quad
- If not work = no stifle joint
- Continues as patellar ligament
- Inserts onto tibial tuberosity
Caudal seasmoid bone
- PAired set of fabellae both medial and lateral. Embedded in gastrocnemius msucle. Popliteal fossa
- Popliteal seasmoid = embedded in popliteus muscle
What is the difference/ same in seasmoid bones found in cats vs dogs?
- both have 4 seasmoid
- Cat medial seasmoid can’t see on a radiograph as is in a very cartilaginous area. All can see is patella (cranial), lateral fabella and popliteal seasmoid (caudal)
