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First year semester 2 > Lambing > Flashcards

Lambing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the zoonotic risk of lambing?

A
  1. Abortion pathogens:
    - Toxoplasma
    - Enzootic abortion (Chlamydophila abortus)
    - Campylobacter
    - Salmonella
    - Q-Fevel (Coxiella burnetti)
  2. Enteric Pathogens
    - E coli
    - Salmonella
    - Cryptosporidium
  3. Skin pathogens
    - Orf
    - Ringworm
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2
Q

What are the zoonotic risk of lambing?

A
  1. Abortion pathogens:
  2. Enteric Pathogens
  3. Skin pathogens
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3
Q

Examples of Abortion pathogens

A
  • Toxoplasma
  • Enzootic abortion (Chlamydophila abortus)
  • Campylobacter
  • Salmonella
  • Q-Fevel (Coxiella burnetti)
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4
Q

Examples of Enteric PAthogens

A
  • E coli
  • Salmonella
  • Cryptosporidium
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5
Q

Examples of skin pathogens

A
  • Orf

- Ringworm

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6
Q

How to reduce zoonotic risk?

A
  1. Good personal hygiene
  2. Dedicated and Protective clothing
  3. Don’t eat, drink, smoke in sheds
  4. Don’t go near lambing sheep if pregnant or immuno suppressed
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7
Q

Signs of neurological signs hypocalcaemua

A

recumbent, flacid, reduced HR, rumen contractions stop
Clinically very ahrd to tell pregnancy toxaemia and hypocalcaemia apart so treat for both
2. can occur when lactating too
Treatment:

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8
Q

Pregnancy toxaemia

A

Signs = twitching eyelids, muzzle, ear, depressed
1. diagnose by urine = inc ketones
2. hard to make urinate
so usually have to treat for preg toxaemia and calcaemia
3. hard to tell if hypocalcaemia or tox so treat for both

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9
Q

if no neurological signs but recumbent then what could be the cuase?

A
  1. Not lambed = abortive agent?
  2. Lambed = mastitis, severe urinary infection
  3. Trauma/ lameness
  4. exhaustion/ starvation = body condition score likely to be around 1
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10
Q

Vaginal prolapse

A
  1. Pre partum
  2. Happens pre partum due to increased abdominal pressure (pneumonia = coughing, bulky food, lot of lambs)
  3. If really struggle to put back could be becuase bladder has come forward
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11
Q

Vaginal prolapse

A
  1. Pre partum
  2. Happens pre partum due to increased abdominal pressure (pneumonia = coughing, bulky food, lot of lambs)
  3. If really struggle to put back could be because bladder has come forward
  4. gently massage tissue back in with weak iodine solution/ soapy water
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12
Q

Treatment of vaginal prolapse?

A
  1. NSAIDs and antibiotics

2. Culling after had lambs - if only vaginal as recurring, if uterine then ok

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13
Q

Treatment of vaginal prolapse?

A
  1. NSAIDs and antibiotics
  2. Culling after had lambs - if only vaginal as recurring, if uterine then ok
  3. harness to put pressure on perineal area
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14
Q

Stage 1 of parturition

A
  1. 6 to 12 hrs
  2. vulva relaxation: elongates
  3. Uterine contractions
  4. Cervix dilates
  5. Allantoic fluid
  6. Restless and separation from group
  7. inc resp rate
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15
Q

Stage 2 of parturition

A
  1. 1/2 to an hr
  2. Abdominal straining
  3. Foetus through vagina
  4. Amnion breaks
  5. Lies down, strains, grunts
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16
Q

Stage 3 of parturition

A
  1. 3-4 hrs

2. Expulsion of membranes

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17
Q

intervention

A
  1. no lamb after 1 hr = dystocia
  2. see lmab and no development after 15 minutes
  3. between 1st adn 2nd no more than 30 minutes
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18
Q

What to assess

A 
Vulva: relaxed, tight, swollen, damaged
• Foetal fluids: fresh, smelly, meconium
• Vagina: dry, well lubricated
• Vagina: Lamb visible, palpable,
work out presentation
• Cervix: open, closed, ring womb
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19
Q

Most to least common cause of Dystocia

A
  1. Foetal maldisposition
  2. obstruction birth canal
  3. Feto-pelvic disproportion
  4. Fetal monsters
20
Q

Uterine prolapse

A
  1. First aid
  2. epidural (ideal)
  3. raise hindquarter
  4. Clean, remove foetal membranes
  5. Replace
  6. Antibiotics and NSAID
  7. Oxytocin and calcium to get uterus to contract
21
Q

Trauma

Metritis

A
  1. Trauma =
    a) uterine prolapse
    Treatment: raise hindquarters 45 deg, epidural, clean, remove foetal membrane if coems easily, replace, antibiotics and NSAID, oxytocin and calcium
    b) vaginal rupture = euthanasia
    METRITIS after lambing = clinical signs = reduced appitite, depressed, temperature, dark red discharge.
    Treatment = high dose antibiotic, drench with electrolytes, NSAIDS
22
Q

What should you check first when lamb is born

A
  1. ABC
  2. Airways
  3. Breathing
  4. Circulation
    - rubbing
23
Q

Why not hang upside down

A
  1. whole gut contents against diaphragm
  2. so hold at 45 degrees instead
  3. straw in nostril
24
Q

Why not hang upside down

A
  1. whole gut contents against diaphragm
  2. so hold at 45 degrees instead
  3. straw in nostril
  4. cold to hot water
  5. no heart beat = very little to can do cardiac massage
25
Q

Within the first 15 minutes what position should the lamb be in

A

sternal recumbency

26
Q

What does meconium staining

A
  1. Meconium = colour of gut contents that fetus accumulates = accumulation of dead cells
    distressed during parturition - prolonged parturition = lamb likely to be compromised
27
Q

What to use for navel

A
  1. strong iodine - stains navel so know covered it all and dries it
  2. other things like blue spray keep it moist or another doesn’t stain very well
28
Q

Colostrum

A
  1. lamb must have 10% body weight in first 6 hrs
  2. 10% more in the next 12
  3. so 20% of body weight in first 18
29
Q

tubing

A
  1. want in oesophagus = oesophageal rxxxxxx
30
Q

where to place ear tags

A
  1. lower ear so doesn’t flop over

2. Tag so that allows room fro growth

31
Q

Main reason for docking

A
  1. reduce tail therefore fleece that could be soiled and result in fly strike
  2. tail long enough to cover ventral aspect of vulva
  3. male must cover anus
32
Q

Main reason for docking

Landmarks where the ring should go

A
  1. reduce tail therefore fleece that could be soiled and result in fly strike
  2. tail long enough to cover ventral aspect of vulva
  3. male must cover anus
33
Q

Main reason for castration

A
  1. stop meat taint
  2. usually 9-10 months old
  3. most lambs in UK are slaughtered at 5 ish months so not really necessary
34
Q

What is entropion

A
  1. hereditary
  2. eyelid rolled inwards and eyelashes scratch cornea
  3. see squinting, then tear staining, after a day = red area of corneal damage
  4. treatment = pinch skin and inject fluid
35
Q

What are peri parturient losses and aims

A
  1. lambs born dead: 8-10% aim = 2-3%

2. Dying in first 72 hrs: 10-12% aim = 1-2%

36
Q

Heat lamps

A
  1. don’t warm lamb up, cause vasodilaiton. much between to fill gloves with hot water, stick in a hot box
37
Q

hypothermia

A
  1. less than 6 hrs = brown fat

2. older than 6 hrs = MUST feed first ebfore warm up as could risk hypo xxxx due to no more brown xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

38
Q

Temp less than 37, under 6 hrs, able to hold head up

A
  1. less than 6 hrs so still have brown fat energy source
  2. therefore can warm up and then feed
  3. feed by tube as can hold head
39
Q

Temp less than 37, over 6 hrs, not able to hold head

A
  1. No brown fat, so as warm up circulation inc, metabolism, organ function etc = hypoglycemic coma - no energy for lamb to fulfil demand
  2. not able to hold head = sign of GI stasis = glucose injection into peritoneal cavity = risk of puncture intestine however if don’t = lamb will die
  3. can give glucose by rectal insertion
  4. honey, golden syrup if vet can’t get there
40
Q

hyperthermia

A
  1. inc resp rate
41
Q

Glucose interperitoneal

A

20% solution - often hard to get so need to dilute

xxxxxxxxxxxx

42
Q

Watery mouth

A
  1. E coli –> endotoxaemia
  2. oral infection
  3. predisposing factors = poor hygiene, inadequate colostrum, large litter, early castration
  4. usually first few are fine but once a lot have lambed with bad cleaning E coli in shed
  5. treat using antibiotics - can use orally as monogastric at this point
43
Q

Watery mouth

A
  1. E coli –> endotoxaemia
  2. oral infection
  3. predisposing factors = poor hygiene, inadequate colostrum, large litter, early castration
  4. usually first few are fine but once a lot have lambed with bad cleaning E coli in shed
  5. treat using antibiotics - can use orally as monogastric at this point
  6. clinical signs = normal at birth, dull, absent suck refelx, salivation, abomadal distension, GI stasis = retention of meconium
44
Q

Watery mouth

A
  1. E coli –> endotoxaemia
  2. oral infection
  3. predisposing factors = poor hygiene, inadequate colostrum, large litter, early castration
  4. usually first few are fine but once a lot have lambed with bad cleaning E coli in shed
  5. treat using antibiotics - can use orally as monogastric at this point
  6. clinical signs = normal at birth, dull, absent suck refelx, salivation, abomasal distension, GI stasis = retention of meconium
45
Q

Orphan

A
  1. need 15% body weight in 24 hrs
46
Q

Signs of hypomagnesia

A
  1. lactating ewe on pasture
  2. spastic recumbency = paddle, lateral recumbancy
  3. any touch = paddle and thrash
  4. depressed and flacid.
47
Q

What neurological disease is not related to lambing? what are

A
  1. CCN = high concentrates. Clinical signs = blindness, circling, head pressing: stay on feet
  2. Listeriosis = related to silage feeding = head tilt, circle, appear blind, head press: stay on feet
  3. louping ill = tick = any age = depends on area of coutnry
    RELATED TO LAMBING = Hypo calcaemia, magnesia and preg toxaemia = related to lambing

First year semester 2 (50 decks)

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