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First year semester 2 > CNS taste and smell AND somatosensory system RBJ > Flashcards

CNS taste and smell AND somatosensory system RBJ Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the Olfactory pathways

A
  1. olfactory cells
  2. mitral cells receive input from olfactory containing one type of receptor
  3. this sense is carried to the brains tem by cranial nerve 1 = where olfactory refles are organised
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2
Q

Describe the Olfactory pathways

A
  1. olfactory cells
  2. mitral cells receive input from olfactory containing one type of receptor
  3. this sense is carried to the brains them by cranial nerve 1 = where olfactory reflexs are organised
    - ——————-
  4. Mucous membrane with olfactory cilium.
    - particles dissolved in air bind to mucous and AP in cilia
  5. Olfactory cell = neuroepithelial cell (think of rod/cone)
  6. Support cells surrounding- provide nutrients and physical support
  7. also stem cells: Basal cells which turn into olfactory cells, replacing them
  8. olfactory cell axons through cribiform plate (skull with lot of holes) synapse with mitral cell in olfactory bulb of brain
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3
Q

Olfactory perception

A
  1. Doesn’t relay via thalamus

2. part of limbic system = links with emotion and memory

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4
Q

Vomeronasal organ

A
  1. dedicated to detecting pheromones
  2. Ventral position in nose
  3. important for sexual behaviours
  4. important for maternal bonding
  5. Social interaction
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5
Q

Explain the behavioural significance of chemoreception.

A
  1. important for sexual behaviours
  2. important for maternal bonding
  3. Social interaction
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6
Q

Taste cell structure

A
  1. Taste cells clustered into taste buds
  2. No axons
  3. similar to visual system
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7
Q

Taste transduction. How many different types of receptor?

A 
1. 4/ 5 for 
salt
sweet
sour
bitter
Others
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8
Q

Differences and similarities between olfactory and taste pathway

A
  1. Taste = not own axon but it synapses on axon
  2. Just a few different types of receptors as opposed to many for olfactory
  3. BOTH regenerate
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9
Q

Taste pathway

A
  1. several different cranial nerves that convey the sense of taste
  2. salivary, thought, emotional response
  3. Facial CN (VII), glossopharyngeal CN (IX) and Vagus nerve (X)
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10
Q

What is modality?
what is sensory modality
What are the types of senses?

A

The different things you can sense
SM = what is perceived after a stimulus
1. Somato sensory senses = not special senses = touchm pain, temperature, proprioception/ kinesthesia
2. “Special senses” = sight, smell (olfaction), taste (gustation), hearing, balance (vestibulation)

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11
Q

What does the point of decussation tell about the type of sensory system

A
  1. Pain tends to decussate low
  2. touch and feel = higher
  3. kinesthesia and proprioception = exception that don’t corss over or are reflected on both sides of the body
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12
Q

Touch receptor

A
  1. pacinian corpuscle
  2. sensory receptor
  3. afferent neuron running away from receptor and capsule on outside
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13
Q

Describe the different mechanisms of detecting a sensory stimulus and
converting it to nerve signals (action potentials).

A
  1. Meissner - similar to pacinian corpuscle, smooth skin, superficially, small receptor field and rapidly adapting
  2. Pacinian corpuscle = larger receptor field, deeply, rapidly adapting
  3. Merkel cell = large, shallow in smooth skin and hairy epidermis, slowly adapting and small receptive field
  4. Ruffini = receptors in skin = lie deep in all types of skin = detect stretch = slowly adapting
  5. Free nerve endings = receptor that detects temperature and pain
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14
Q

What is meant by “slowly” and “rapidly” adapting. which are which

A
  1. Slowly = ruffini, merkel
  2. Fast adapting = pacinian, meissner’s
  3. Slow = when apply force to receptor = doesn’t do anything very fast, after moment then neruons start to fire and then fire continually once force is applied
  4. Rapidly adapting = only fire whilst tension is changing
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15
Q

Somatosensory pathway from receptor to

A
  1. sensory receptor
  2. afferent into CNS
  3. through dorsal horn (dorsal route ganglion)
    Once in, it can do one of three things
    a) . Travel down to ventral part and invoke a reflex motor movement
    b) synapse and decussate to other side of spinal cord to brain
    c) Travel straight up these dorsal columns
    These all tend to happen at the same time
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16
Q

List the somatosensory nerve fibres in order from fastest to slowest

A
  1. A alpha = fastest (muscle sensory)
  2. A beta
  3. A delta
  4. C fibres (inflammatory)
    general consensus = pain is slow
17
Q

What somatosensory nerve fibres might convey a bottom smack

A
  1. Slight tap = A beta = no injury
    2, harder = A delta
  2. Harder enough to cause injury, therefore inflammation = C fibres
18
Q

What is nociception?

A
  1. Formal term for sensing a stimulus which one would expect to evoke pain
19
Q

Where to pain, temperature, touch and proprioception cross?

A
  1. Pain and temperature decussates in cord
  2. Touch and proprioception decussate
  3. some priprioception doesn’t cross at all
20
Q

What are the principle columns in the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord

A
  1. Dorsal column pathway
  2. Ventrolateral pathway
  3. Spinocerebellar tracts
21
Q

Dorsal column pathway/ medial lemniscus

A

Runs up dorsal column
1. Mostly touch
2. cross then goes to thalamus
3. Cuneate, Gracilie funiculi and fasciculi
4. Dorsal column runs through medial lemniscus
5. Covers hindlimbs and hind bodies
6.

22
Q

Spino cerebellar tract

A
  1. spine to cerebellum
  2. inc muscle and joint proprioception for postural reflexes
  3. mostly synapses in dorsal horn
  4. doesn’t cross typically
23
Q
  1. Which sensory pathway deosn’t cross.
  2. which does cross at cord?
  3. which crosses higher up?
A
  1. Spinocerebellar tract
  2. Spinothalamic tract
  3. dorsal column
24
Q

Spinocervical tract

A
  1. still medial lemniscus

2. fur and whiskers innervated with A beta firbres

25
Q

What has to happen before become consciously aware of a pain?

A
  1. before consciously aware

2. somatosensory stimulus must go through thalamus

First year semester 2 (50 decks)

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