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First year semester 2 > Canine ANatomy GI > Flashcards

Canine ANatomy GI Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the Peritoneum?
A

a. Serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and envelops abdominal organs
b. A single continuous sheet
c. Different parts of the peritoneum are classified according to what it attaches to

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2
Q

What are the different peritoneum?

A
  1. Parietal peritoneum:
    a) Part of sheet that lines abdominal cavity
    b) Extends through inguinal canal
  2. Visceral peritoneum
    a) Part that covers organs themselves – closely adherent to organ surface
    b) Envelops organs
  3. Connecting peritoneum
    a) Dictate where organs should stay within abdomen
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3
Q

What are the different types of connective peritoneum?

A

a. Mesentery
i. Connects bowel (tubes of gut = SI and LI) to body wall
b. Omentum
i. Connects stomach to something
c. Fold
i. Connects bowel/ organ to another bowl/organ
d. Ligament
i. Connects non GI organ to body wall/ bowel

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4
Q

What defines the topography of abdominal organs

A

a. The peritoneal attachments
b. In particular connecting peritoneal
c. Looseness or tightness of this CP determines if you can pull the organ out and operate on it outside the animal e.g. SI loose CP so can move/ pull most out.
d. Deuodenum, liver, stomach = tight attachments

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5
Q
  1. What is the abdominal cavity defined by?
A

a. Cranially by diaphragm (separates abdominal cavity from thoracic)
b. Laterally: abdominal wall
c. Contains all abdominal organs/ structures including peritoneum

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6
Q
  1. What is the Peritoneal cavity
A

a. The potential space between parietal (lines abdominal cav) and visceral (lines organs themselves)peritoneum
b. Contains nothing other than a small amount of peritoneal fluid (unless perironeal inflammation = peritonitis

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7
Q
  1. Where does the abdomen extend to
A

a. Into thorax to level of 5th intercostal space

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8
Q
  1. Diaphragm
A

a. Separate the thorax from abdomen
b. Contains 3 amin holes:
i. Aortic Hiatus between left and right crura = aorta passes through
ii. Caval foramen in central tendon = caudal vena cava passes through
iii. Oesophageal hiatus = oesophagus passes

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9
Q
  1. If the dog was lying on his back where would each “hole” in the Diaphragm be located?
A

a. Aortic Hiatus = TOP
b. Oesophageal hiatus = slightly left of midline
c. Caval foramen = slightly right of midline

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10
Q
  1. What are you referring to when talking about proximal and distal in the abdominal cavity and with limbs?
A

a. Limbs = proximal = where limb is attached. Distal = furthest point from this
b. Abdominal proximal = food would be passing closer to mouth. Distal = closer to anus

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11
Q
  1. Liver
A

a. 4 lobes
i. Left and right lobes split into medial and lateral in the dog
ii. Caudate sits caudally (papillary process)
iii. Quadrate (sits in middle)
b. Gall bladder: not all species have
i. Cyctic/ hepatic/ common bile ducts
c. Peritoneal attachments: quite tight = relatively hard to access
i. Coronary ligament = attaches liver to diaphragm around caudal vena cava = v tight attaches
ii. R and L triangular ligaments: tight ligs = diaphragm to liver
iii. Falciform/ round ligament: loosest ligament: remnant of umbilical vein

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12
Q
  1. How many lobes does a dog liver have, how many does it look like it has
A

a. It has 4 lobes but this looks like 6 as left and right lobe are split into lateral and medial lobe

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13
Q
  1. What does the liver and gall do with bile?
A

a. Liver produces, gall stores

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14
Q
  1. Stomach anatomical names and peritoneal attachments
A

a. 3 areas =
i. Fundus = blind ending
ii. Corpus = body = main part
iii. Pylorus = pyloric antrum = exit
b. Peritoneal attachments
i. Greater omentum (larger, attaches to greater curvature of stomach)
ii. Lesser omentum (smaller attaches to lesser curvature of stoamch)
iii. Gastro=splenic ligament

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15
Q
  1. Stomach embryological terms
A

a. Dervive/ explain the embryological regions of the stomach
b. Oesophageal region
c. Cardiac region
d. Fundic region
e. Pyloric Region

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16
Q
  1. What does the embryological region dictate about that part of the stomach?
A

a. What type of epithelial cell is present, therefore the function

17
Q
  1. What type of epithelium lines each section of the stomach?
A

a. Oesophageal – Stratified Squamous epi
i. Protective function
b. Cardiac – Glandular (mucous only)
c. Fundic – Glandular (HCL/ pepsinogen)
d. Pyloric - Glandular (mucous only)

18
Q
  1. Why does the glandular epithelium lining the cardiac part of the stomach secrete what it secretes?
A

a. Secretes ONLY mucous

b. Because so close to oesophagus that can’t cope with acid

19
Q
  1. What does the fundic region give rise to in the human, dog, cat, pig, horse, ruminant?
A

a. Human, dog, cat = Fundus/ corpus

b. P, H, R = corpus

20
Q
  1. Where is the fundus of the pig derived from and why
A

a. From cardiac region: secretes only mucous, NO ACID/ pepsinogen
b. Enables pig to carry on digestion of carbohydrates

21
Q
  1. Why does mucous need to be secreted in the stomach?
A

a. To protect it from being digested by its own secretions. When this breaks down = gastric ulcers

22
Q
  1. Where is the fundus derived from in the horse and the fore-stomachs of the horse?
A

a. Oesophageal region

b. Lined by stratified squamous epithelium = protective as grass is abrasive

23
Q
  1. What are the 2 types of stomach attachments?
A

a. Grater omentum and lesser omentum

24
Q
  1. How is the greater omentum arranged?
A

a. Extends caudally and then folds back on itself
b. Provides a SA for white blood cells to get to any region of abdominal cavity quickly
c. Attaches stomach to dorsal body wall but goes to caudal abdomen, then folds back on itself
d. Folding back on itself creates a potential space: omental bursa
e. When stomach

25
Q
  1. What si the
A

a. When stomach was twisting around in embryological development it was dragging greater omentum into relative position
b. Gap left = xXX

26
Q
  1. Spleen
A

a. Strictly speaking not a GI organ but a blood reservoir
b. LHS of abdomen
c. Abnormally enlarged in barbiturate euthanasia (not as big in real life)
d. Peritoneal attachments: gastro splenic ligament (non bowel i.e spleen to something)

27
Q
  1. Duodenum
A

a. First part of small intestine
b. Where pancreatic duct and bile duct enter/ put secretions into lumen of SI
c. Where p and B ducts enter = MAJOR duodenal papilla
d. Where accessory pancreatic duct enters = MINOR duodenal papilla
e. Peritoneal attachments:
i. Mesoduodenum: duo to body wall
ii. Duodeno-colic fold: bowel to bowel (colon to duo)
iii. Hepato-duodenal ligament (part of lesser omentum) (duo to liver)

28
Q
  1. Pancreas
A

a. 2 lobes
b. Right lobe runs cranio-caudal direction (down animal)
c. Left runs medio lateral (across animal)
d. Peritoneal attachments
i. Runs within mesoduodenum
ii. Runs within deep leaf of greater omentum

29
Q
  1. Jejumun:
A

a. Middle part of small I
b. Largest proportion (80% SI)
c. Covered by greater omentum
d. Attachment = meso-jejunum = bowel to body wall, fan shaped, often referred to as just mesentery

30
Q
  1. Ileum
A

a. Smallest part of SI
b. Terminal portion of small I
c. Enters into large intestine at caeco-colic junction
d. Peritoneal attachments:
i. Ileo-caecal fold (ileum to caecum = bowel to bowel
ii. Meso ileum (extension of meso duodenum)

31
Q
  1. Caecum
A

a. First part of LI
b. Blind ending sac
c. In dogs ileum runs directly into colon with caecum attached on side
d. NOT appendix
e. Peritoneal attachments = ilio caecal fold and caeco colic fold

32
Q
  1. Colon
A

a. Ascedning (right)
b. Right colic flexure (turn right angle from ascending to across abdomen)
c. Transverse (passes cranial to root of mesentery) (across)
d. Left colic flexure (right angle turn from transverse colon to down abdomen)
e. Descending (left)
f. Rectum
g. Peritoneal attachment – mesocolon to dorsal body wall

First year semester 2 (50 decks)

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