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First year semester 2 > Dentition > Flashcards

Dentition Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of a generalised tooth

A
  1. outer enamel
  2. Dentine
  3. Pulp chamber
  4. Gingival cervice
  5. Gingiva
  6. Peridontal ligament
  7. Root canal
  8. Cementum
  9. Apical foramen
  10. Genioglossus msucle
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2
Q

Enamel

A

 Hard outer part projecting above gums
 Ectodermal origin
 Formed by ameloblasts
 It is acellular and cannot regenerate so if chipped, remains

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3
Q

Dentine

A
  1. Mesodermal in origin.
  2. Formed by ODONTOBLASTS
  3. Forms the bulk of the tooth
  4. 2nd hardest tooth material, enamel is harder
  5. Structure is similar to bone
  6. Secondary dentine is darker in appearance than primary dentine.
  7. Tertiary dentine may occur at sites of injury.
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4
Q

What is the difference in dentine to bone

A
  1. in bone the OSTEOBLASTS stay within the bone matrix, in teeth the ODONTOBLASTS (the dentine producing cells), recede from the newly formed dentine and remain as a continuous layer on the surface of the pulp cavity. This produces SECONDARY DENTINE throughout life, which gradually reduces the size of the dental pulp cavity. – more an more dentine produced throughout life = reduces bulk cavity
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5
Q

Cementum

A

 Mesodermal in origin
 Formed from calcified connective tissue
 Forms the outer lining of the tooth in the socket in brachydont teeth
 It is the least hard of the calcified tissues of the tooth
 It is continuously, but slowly, produced throughout life, so is thicker in older animals.

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6
Q

Pulp cavity

A

 It reflects the external shape of the tooth i.e. is present in each tooth root.
 It is open at the apical foramen. (lower teeth = bottom, upper = top)
 Central part of tooth containing nerve fibres, lymphatic and blood vessels
 Smaller in older animals as secondary dentine fills in pulp cavity.

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7
Q

Periodontium
What it consists of
Role

A

This term described the functioning unit of several anatomical components

  1. It consists of the Gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone.
  2. Functional unit
  3. Role = anchor tooth into skull and provide a suspensory apparatus to absorb stresses induced at biting
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8
Q

Gingiva

A
  1. oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and covers the neck of the teeth. It is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  2. At coronal bit = proud = free ginigiva
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9
Q

7Periodontal Ligament

A
  1. Is made of collagen fibres
  2. Attaches to the cement of the tooth and the Alveolus
  3. These fibres are arranged in a sling formation – allowing small movements of the teeth during mastication, and acting as shock absorbers.
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10
Q

What is the innervation of the teeth?

A
  1. All teeth are innervated by branches of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE - cranial nerve V
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11
Q

What are the upper and lower teeth innervated by?

A
  1. Upper = supplied by the MAXILLARY (or superior) ALVEOLAR NERVE (from the maxillary division of the Trigeminal Nerve).
  2. Lower = supplied by the MANDIBULAR (or inferior) ALVEOLAR NERVE (from the mandibular division of the Trigeminal nerve).
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12
Q

What type of teeth do we describe out domestic species as having and what to these terms mean?

A
  1. Diphyodont Heterodont
  2. D = deciduous and permanent teeth = adult and baby
  3. H = diff type of specialised teeth
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13
Q

list 6 dental terms

A
  1. Hypsodont
  2. Brachydont teeth
  3. Aradicular/ Elodont
  4. Radocular/ Anelodont
  5. Clinical crown
  6. Anatomical crown
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14
Q

Hypsodont

A

those of horses, high or long crowned with unerupted crown lying beneath the gum in all but very aged animals. The root of the tooth is generally shorter than the crown.

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15
Q

Brachydont teeth

A

those of the dog and cat (and human), are low crowned - where all of the crown has erupted by adulthood. The root of the tooth is generally longer than the crown.

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16
Q

Aradicular/ Elodont

A

teeth grow throughout life and never develop true roots. Always hyposodont.

17
Q

Radocular/ Anelodont

A

teeth with a true anatomical root structures and do not continuously grow throughout life. Can be hypsodont or brachydont

18
Q

Clinical crown

A

this is the exposed part of the tooth, regardless of structure.

19
Q

Anatomical crown

A

this is the enamel covered part of the tooth regardless of location.

20
Q

Name and describe orientations

A
  1. Surface next to the lips – LABIAL
  2. Surface next to the cheek -BUCCAL
  3. Surface next to the tongue - LINGUAL
  4. Surface touching the tooth in front – MESIAL
  5. Surface touching the tooth behind - DISTAL
  6. Masticatory surface (‘table’) - OCCLUSAL
21
Q

The healthy mouth

What maintains pH?

A
  1. Normal occlusion
  2. Normal oral pH in dogs and cats is 7.5
  3. Saliva maintains this and also contains enzymes, lysozymes and immunoglobulins that moderate bacterial colonisation. Also mechanically washes teeth. Also has some anti-fungal and antiviral actions.
22
Q

What are commonly occurring dental problems in small carnivores?

A
  1. CONGENITAL MALOCCLIUSIONS
  2. Malocclusion – different head shapes – esp brachycephalic, but also sometimes seen in dolicocephalic breads.
  3. Prognathism = lower jaw to long (brachycephalic)
  4. Brachygnathism = lower jaw too short (dolicocephalic
23
Q

What is the most common oral disease seen in small animals?

A
  1. Periodontal disease
  2. a. First stage is gingivitis - inflammation of the gingiva
    b. Second stage - early periodontitis – inflammation of gingiva and periodontal ligament
    c. Third stage - further breakdown of support tissues, tooth mobility, tooth loss. Advanced periodontal disease in the upper dental arcade, especially of the canine teeth, can lead to oronasal fistulas
24
Q

Pig dentition

A
  1. Omnivores like us to more generalised dentition
  2. Lower incisors point forward
  3. Canines (tusks) remain open rooted in the male and continue to grow
  4. Upper and lower canines rub = sharp
  5. Females roots remain open for 2 yrs = grow, after = stop
  6. Little differentiation between premolars and molars but become larger the more cuadal
  7. very tumercular (lumpy) occlusal surface for crushing food
25
Q

What are piglet teeth like?

A
  1. born with 8 upper and lower incisors and canines
  2. v sharp and point forward so often nipped by stock men
  3. full adult dentition after 18 months

First year semester 2 (50 decks)

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