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Pharmacology > Sex Hormones II > Flashcards

Sex Hormones II Flashcards

1
Q

Clomiphene belongs to which group?
A. Selective estrogen receptor modulators
B. GnRH agonists

A

A. Selective estrogen receptor modulators

  • acts in CNS
  • treats fertility
  • increases LH and FSH
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2
Q

True or False: Leuprolide is a GnRH antagonist

A

False - Leuprolide is a GnRH agonist

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3
Q

Clinical indication for Leuprolide use for men? for women?

A

Prostate cancer in men
Endometriosis in women

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4
Q

True or False: Long term use of Leuprolide causes LH and FSH to increase to a severe decrease

A

False - decrease to severe degree

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5
Q

Menotropins and Chorionic Gonadotropin are used primarily to treat which condition?

A

Infertility

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6
Q

True or False: Androgel and Androderm are androgens/anti-androgens for men

A

True

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7
Q

Which two drugs are 5a inhibitors?

A

1) Finasteride
2) Dutasteride

-Inhibits DHT production

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8
Q

What two conditions are 5a inhibitors used to treat?

A

1) Male pattern baldness
2) BPH

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9
Q

True or False: Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is when only estrogen is given, whereas Hormone Replacement Therapy is when estrogen and progestin are given

A

True

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10
Q

True or False: ERT and HRT can alleviate acute symptoms of menopause, as well as preventing chronic conditions (heart disease, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s)

A

True

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11
Q

Why must a women with intact uterus take progestin?

A

Estrogen alone can cause estrogen-induced hyperplasia and endometrial cancer

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12
Q

Conjugated estrogens, which are commonly used in the US, are ___ preparations

A

oral

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13
Q

Why is one more likely to develop a blood clot when taking an oral estradiol?

A

Increased production of clotting factors and HDL, decrease LDL
(first pass metabolism)

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14
Q

True or False: Transdermal and vaginal administration can bypass first pass metabolism

A

True

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15
Q

Which can be given longer-term: oral ERT/HRT or topical treatments?

A

Topical treatment
- due to less systemic effects

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16
Q

True or False: ERT/HRT should be used if a female, peri-menopausal patient is experiencing vasomotor symptoms (e.g night sweats or hot flashes)

A

True
- Estrogen is most effective therapy!

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17
Q

When can ERT/HRT be stopped?

A

2-3 years
- any longer than this, there will be greater risks of breast cancer, dementia, blood clot formation

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18
Q

What type of ERT/HRT is most beneficial for vaginal dryness and atrophy?

A

Estrogen creams, tablets, vaginal ring

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19
Q

True or False: Women with intact uterus may require progestin to prevent endometrial proliferation with some vaginal preps

A

True

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20
Q

True or False: ERT/HRT are first line drugs to treat osteoporosis, CVD, and prevention of Alzheimer’s

A

False
- Risedronate and Alendronate (osteoporosis)

21
Q

True or False: ERT/HRT can be used for premature ovarian failure

A

True
- Patients will require HRT until age when menopause would occur

22
Q

There is an increased risk of which type of cancer with ERT/HRT use?

A

Breast cancer

23
Q

True or False: breast tenderness, nausea, and *thromboembolism are risks of ERT/HRT

A

True

24
Q

True or False: ERT/HRT use is associated with increased risk of hepatectomy

A

False - Cholecystectomy

25
Q

All drugs that belong to the SERM class (selective estrogen receptor modulators) have either ___ or ____, depending on tissue type

A

estrogenic effects (agonists); anti-estrogenic activity (antagonists)

26
Q

___ was first generation SERM

A

Tamoxifen (breast cancer)
- Antagonist

27
Q

Which class of drugs does Clomiphene belong to?
A. ERT/HRT
B. 5a Inhibitor
C. SERMS

A

C. SERMS (selective estrogen receptor modulators)

28
Q

What is the estrogen receptor antagonist at hypothalamus and AP, Clomiphene, used to treat?

A

Female infertility
- Increases FSH and LH

29
Q

AE and CI associated with Clomiphene?

A

AE: hot flashes, enlarged ovarian cysts and cyst formation

CI: pre-existing cysts

30
Q

True or False: FSH, LH, and hcG are gonadotropins

A

True

31
Q

___ is released from trophoblasts shortly after fertilization acts on LH-R in corpus luteum to maintain steroid production - no endo breakdown

A

hCG

32
Q

True or False: GnRH antagonists cause initial SURGE in LH/FSH, followed by inhibition of gonadotropin release

A

False - GnRH AGONISTS cause initial SURGE in LH/FSH, followed by inhibition of gonadotropin release

33
Q

With use of GnRH agonists, over time, receptors become ___ and, therefore, LH and FSH go to zero

A

desensitized

  • Therefore: no testosterone made (men); no estrogen made (women)
34
Q

Leuprolide belongs to which class?
A. GnRH agonist
B. GnRH antagonist
C. 5a Inhibitors
D. HRT/ERT

A

A. GnRH agonist

35
Q

True or False: Leuprolide can treat infertility in first week of use

A

True

36
Q

Which GnRH agonist is associated with 100% impotence and decreased libido

A

Leuprolide

37
Q

____can treat endometriosis in women and androgen-dependent prostate cancer in men

A

Leuprolide
- chemical castration

38
Q

____: LH and FSH isolated from urine of post-menopausal women; given IM to prevent hypersensitivity

A

Menotropins (Pergonal)

39
Q

What are the clinical uses of Menotropins (Pergonal) in men vs. women?

A

1) women = induce ovulation in infertile, anovulatory women (+hCG)
2) men = stimulate spermatogenesis (+hCG)

40
Q

What are the two clinical uses of chorionic gonadotropin?

A

1) Induce ovulation
2) Induce spermatogenesis

  • Given IM
41
Q

AE associated with chorionic gonadotropin?

A

1) Ovarian hyperstimulation
2) Multiple pregnancies

42
Q

5 alpha reductase can convert testosterone to ____

A

DHT (more potent type of testosterone)

43
Q

What are the androgen drugs, Androderm and Androgel, commonly used to treat (3)?

A

1) Male hypogonadism/testosterone deficiency
2) Male senescence/andropause
3) Athletic enhancement

44
Q

True or False: Androderm and Androgel administration provide more stable testosterone levels

A

True

45
Q

AE of androgens (Androderm and Androgel)?

A

1) Risk of dosing kids or family members
2) Cardiovascular effects

46
Q

Which class of drugs do Finasteride and Dutasteride belong to?

A

5a Reductase Inhibitors (Anti-Androgens)

47
Q

Finasteride can treat ____

A

male pattern baldness

48
Q

In general, what are 5a Reductase Inhibitors used to treat?

A

Decrease prostate size in BPH

49
Q

True or False: Finasteride and Dutasteride can cause impotence

A

True

Pharmacology (53 decks)

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