Anemias

Question 1

What are four growth factors/stimulating factors?

Answer 1

1) Sargramostim
2) Filgrastim
3) Epoetin Alfa
4) Oprelvekin

Question 2

True or False: Both humoral factors (erythropoietin, GM-CSF, GSF) and nutrient factors (iron, Vit B12, and folic acid) are involved in production of RBC’s

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Anemias of diminished erythropoiesis result as a consequence of deficiencies of vital ___ needed for RBC formation

Answer 3

nutrients

Question 4

What changes are seen in RBC’s of a person who iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 4

Microcytic and hypochromic

Question 5

Megaloblastic anemias are almost always caused by a deficiency of either ___ or ___

Answer 5

Vit B12, Folic Acid

Question 6

What is the most common cause of Pernicious Anemia?

Answer 6

Vit B12 deficiency

Question 7

What type of anemia can result as a consequence of lack of IF secretion, due to gastric mucosa atrophy?

Answer 7

Pernicious Anemia

Question 8

Megaloblast and large, segmented nuclei are associated with which type of anemia?
A. Pernicious
B. Macrocytic
C. Iron deficient

Answer 8

A. Pernicious

Question 9

Pernicious anemia can cause degeneration of the spinal cord, even before clinical anemia is present.

What can worsen the condition?

Answer 9

Administration of Folic Acid

Question 10

True or False: Peripheral neuropathy can arise if one has pernicious anemia

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Under which two conditions is iron absorption increased?

Answer 11

1) Iron is depleted
2) Erythropoiesis occurs at increased rate in duodenum and upper jejunum

Question 12

True or False: Ferric forms of iron are absorbed 3x more readily than ferrous salts

Answer 12

False - FERROUS SALTS are absorbed 3x more readily than ferric form

Question 13

Iron is transported via blood and bound to ___

Answer 13

transferrin

Question 14

True or False: The intestinal mucosal apoferritin mechanism exists to control absorption

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Iron in the diet enters mucosal cells through ____ and, having combined with apoferritin, is retained in the cell as ___

Answer 15

DMT-1; ferritin

Question 16

What happens to unbound iron?

Answer 16

Passes through cell via ferroportin, is transported in blood to join iron recycling system

Question 17

How is binding to ferritin and absorption of iron affected under the following conditions?
A. Apoferritin is low
B. Apoferritin is high

Answer 17

Apoferritin is low
- Decreased binding (ferritin)
- Increased absorption

Apoferritin is high
- Increased binding
- Decreased absorption

Question 18

True or False: Eggs and milk inhibit iron absorption. Further, coffee and tea consumed with a meal or 1 hr after meal may significantly inhibit dietary iron absorption

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Which vitamin enhances iron absorption?

Answer 19

Vit C

Question 20

Side effect associated with oral iron?

Answer 20

GI irritation

Question 21

What is IM Deferoxamine Mesylate used for?

Answer 21

Overdose of oral elemental iron

Question 22

True or False: Deferoxamine Mesylate chelates iron by forming a stable complex that prevents iron from entering into further chemical reactions

Answer 22

True

Question 23

True or False: Deferoxamine Mesylate turns urine reddish color

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Clinical indication for oral iron?

Answer 24

Prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia (microcytic and hypochromic)

Question 25

What three drug classes should be avoided while taking oral iron?

Answer 25

Tetracyclines
Antacids
Fluroquinolones

• All decreased absorption of iron

Question 26

True or False: Oral Iron can cause black stool

Answer 26

True

Question 27

____–a parentral iron– is a complex of ferric hydroxide and dextran

Answer 27

Iron Dextran

Question 28

Anaphylactic-type reactions and hypersensitivity reactions occur with which type of iron drug?
A. Oral Iron
B. Parenteral Iron

Answer 28

B. Parenteral Iron

Question 29

If you are going to given iron via IV or IM injection, what must you do first to ensure no anaphylactic reactions occur?

Answer 29

IV test dose of 0.5 mL

Question 30

Clinical indications for parenteral iron (Iron Dextran)?

Answer 30

Iron deficient patient who has failed oral iron admin

Question 31

____ is also known as pteroglutamic acid

Answer 31

Folic Acid

Question 32

Three major structure of Folic Acid?

Answer 32

1) Pteridine ring
2) Paraaminobenzoic acid
3) Glutamic Acid

Question 33

While pterylglutamic acid is the pharmaceutical form of folic acid, it is metabolized in vivo to _____

Answer 33

Tetrahydrofolic Acid

Question 34

Folic acid is required for ___ synthesis and normal ____

Answer 34

nucleoprotein; erythropoiesis

Question 35

What three conditions can arise as a result of???