Anemias Flashcards
What are four growth factors/stimulating factors?
1) Sargramostim
2) Filgrastim
3) Epoetin Alfa
4) Oprelvekin
True or False: Both humoral factors (erythropoietin, GM-CSF, GSF) and nutrient factors (iron, Vit B12, and folic acid) are involved in production of RBC’s
True
Anemias of diminished erythropoiesis result as a consequence of deficiencies of vital ___ needed for RBC formation
nutrients
What changes are seen in RBC’s of a person who iron deficiency anemia?
Microcytic and hypochromic
Megaloblastic anemias are almost always caused by a deficiency of either ___ or ___
Vit B12, Folic Acid
What is the most common cause of Pernicious Anemia?
Vit B12 deficiency
What type of anemia can result as a consequence of lack of IF secretion, due to gastric mucosa atrophy?
Pernicious Anemia
Megaloblast and large, segmented nuclei are associated with which type of anemia?
A. Pernicious
B. Macrocytic
C. Iron deficient
A. Pernicious
Pernicious anemia can cause degeneration of the spinal cord, even before clinical anemia is present.
What can worsen the condition?
Administration of Folic Acid
True or False: Peripheral neuropathy can arise if one has pernicious anemia
True
Under which two conditions is iron absorption increased?
1) Iron is depleted
2) Erythropoiesis occurs at increased rate in duodenum and upper jejunum
True or False: Ferric forms of iron are absorbed 3x more readily than ferrous salts
False - FERROUS SALTS are absorbed 3x more readily than ferric form
Iron is transported via blood and bound to ___
transferrin
True or False: The intestinal mucosal apoferritin mechanism exists to control absorption
True
Iron in the diet enters mucosal cells through ____ and, having combined with apoferritin, is retained in the cell as ___
DMT-1; ferritin
What happens to unbound iron?
Passes through cell via ferroportin, is transported in blood to join iron recycling system
How is binding to ferritin and absorption of iron affected under the following conditions?
A. Apoferritin is low
B. Apoferritin is high
Apoferritin is low
- Decreased binding (ferritin)
- Increased absorption
Apoferritin is high
- Increased binding
- Decreased absorption
True or False: Eggs and milk inhibit iron absorption. Further, coffee and tea consumed with a meal or 1 hr after meal may significantly inhibit dietary iron absorption
True
Which vitamin enhances iron absorption?
Vit C
Side effect associated with oral iron?
GI irritation
What is IM Deferoxamine Mesylate used for?
Overdose of oral elemental iron
True or False: Deferoxamine Mesylate chelates iron by forming a stable complex that prevents iron from entering into further chemical reactions
True
True or False: Deferoxamine Mesylate turns urine reddish color
True
Clinical indication for oral iron?
Prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia (microcytic and hypochromic)
What three drug classes should be avoided while taking oral iron?
Tetracyclines
Antacids
Fluroquinolones
- All decreased absorption of iron
True or False: Oral Iron can cause black stool
True
____–a parentral iron– is a complex of ferric hydroxide and dextran
Iron Dextran
Anaphylactic-type reactions and hypersensitivity reactions occur with which type of iron drug?
A. Oral Iron
B. Parenteral Iron
B. Parenteral Iron
If you are going to given iron via IV or IM injection, what must you do first to ensure no anaphylactic reactions occur?
IV test dose of 0.5 mL
Clinical indications for parenteral iron (Iron Dextran)?
Iron deficient patient who has failed oral iron admin
____ is also known as pteroglutamic acid
Folic Acid
Three major structure of Folic Acid?
1) Pteridine ring
2) Paraaminobenzoic acid
3) Glutamic Acid
While pterylglutamic acid is the pharmaceutical form of folic acid, it is metabolized in vivo to _____
Tetrahydrofolic Acid
Folic acid is required for ___ synthesis and normal ____
nucleoprotein; erythropoiesis
What three conditions can arise as a result of???
