L12 and 13: Stimulants Flashcards
Which exerts a greater effect in the CNS?
A. D-Amphetamine
B. Amphetamine
A. D-Amphetamine
True or False: Amphetamine contains an asymmetric carbon
True
____ is a prodrug in which amphetamine is linked to lysine
A. D-Amphetamine
B. Amphetamine
C. Lisdexamfetamine
D. Methylphenidate
C. Lisdexamfetamine
What factor makes methamphetamine resistant to metabolism by MAO and increases its lipid solubility?
Presence of methyl groups
Why is methamphetamine readily able to cross the BBB?
Lipid soluble
Which of the following is used to treat ADD in kids?
A. D-Amphetamine
B. Amphetamine
C. Lisdexamfetamine
D. Methylphenidate
D. Methylphenidate
Where in the brain does Methylphenidate act?
Locus ceruleus (contains most of the NE producing neurons of the brain)
_____ is found in the leaves of the khat plant
A. D-Amphetamine
B. Amphetamine
C. Lisdexamfetamine
D. Methylphenidate
E. Cathninone
Cathinone
____ is a natural product found in herbal preparations, used medically as a sympathomimetic agent
A. D-Amphetamine
B. Amphetamine
C. Lisdexamfetamine
D. Methylphenidate
E. Cathninone
F. Ephedrine
F. Ephedrine
____ is a newer non amphetamine stimulant approved for narcolepsy and shift work disorder
A. D-Amphetamine
B. Amphetamine
C. Lisdexamfetamine
D. Methylphenidate
E. Cathninone
F. Ephedrine
G. Modafanil
G. Modafanil
How do cocaine and amphetamines produce increased levels of arousal and wakefulness?
A. via stimulation of locus coeruleus
B. via stimulation of reticular activating system
B. via stimulation of reticular activating system
True or False: Euphoria and increased stimulation are the “positive” CNS effects of cocaine and amphetamine use, but formication, psychosis, rebound effects, tolerance and dependence are the “negative” CNS effects
True
The peripheral effects of cocaine and amphetamines are primarily _____
A. sympathetic
B. parasympathetic
C. sympathomimetic
C. sympathomimetic
Sympathomimetic effects of cocaine/amphetamines primarily act on the ____ system
CV (tach, HTN, arrythmia)
How does amphetamine work? How does cocaine work?
Amphetamines: Enhances release of NE and DA
Cocaine: Inhibits uptake of NE and DA
How does chronic abuse affect reward centers chronically?
Decreased DA in reward centers of the brain
True or False: Amphetamines can be used to treat narcolepsy and ADD
True - Modafanil (Narcolepsy) and Methylphenidate (ADD)
Compare and contrast crack (free base) and powdered cocaine:
Powdered Cocaine
- H2O soluble
- Taken by: snorting, ingestion, IV
Crack (Free Base) Cocaine
- Fat soluble
- Smoke
True or False: Like Amphetamines, cocaine causes CNS stimulation, euphoria, suppression of appetite, paranoia, and can lead to tolerance/dependence
True
How does cocaine affect the periphery?
Stimulates sympathetic NS (elevated HR, BP stroke, sudden death)
What is the primary MOA of cocaine in the CNS? PNS?
CNS: Inhibits synaptic re-uptake of NE/DA, which result in stimulant and reinforcing effects, respectively
PNS: Inhibition of synaptic re-uptake of NE results in sympathomimetic effects
True or False: Nucleus Accumbens is the main reward center
True
True or False: Chronic amphetamine and cocaine use can lead to dopamine depletion
True
True or False: Amphetamines and cocaine have reinforcing effects
True
____, a methylated xanthine, is used to treat asthma
A. Caffeine
B. Aminophylline
C. Theophylline
C. Theophylline
True or False: Caffeine and theophylline are someone used to treat apnea in pre-term babies
True
What CNS effects does caffeine have?
Cortical, mental, and respiratory stimulation
What characterizes methylxanthine overdose? Treatment?
Excessive CNS stimulation can lead to seizures
- possibly excess cardiac stimulation and CV collapse
Tx: symptomatic
MOA for caffeine action?
Block adenosine receptors
Strychnine and Tetanus are ___ ___ stimulants
spinal cord stimulants
____: potent convulsant used as rat poison. Acts as antagonists at glycine receptor.
A. Strychnine
B. Tetanus
_____ acts by inhibiting release of glycine from renshaw cells.
A. Strychnine
B. Tetanus
A. Strychnine
B. Tetanus
