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Pharmacology > L12 and 13: Stimulants > Flashcards

L12 and 13: Stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

Which exerts a greater effect in the CNS?
A. D-Amphetamine
B. Amphetamine

A

A. D-Amphetamine

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2
Q

True or False: Amphetamine contains an asymmetric carbon

A

True

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3
Q

____ is a prodrug in which amphetamine is linked to lysine
A. D-Amphetamine
B. Amphetamine
C. Lisdexamfetamine
D. Methylphenidate

A

C. Lisdexamfetamine

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4
Q

What factor makes methamphetamine resistant to metabolism by MAO and increases its lipid solubility?

A

Presence of methyl groups

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5
Q

Why is methamphetamine readily able to cross the BBB?

A

Lipid soluble

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6
Q

Which of the following is used to treat ADD in kids?
A. D-Amphetamine
B. Amphetamine
C. Lisdexamfetamine
D. Methylphenidate

A

D. Methylphenidate

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7
Q

Where in the brain does Methylphenidate act?

A

Locus ceruleus (contains most of the NE producing neurons of the brain)

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8
Q

_____ is found in the leaves of the khat plant
A. D-Amphetamine
B. Amphetamine
C. Lisdexamfetamine
D. Methylphenidate
E. Cathninone

A

Cathinone

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9
Q

____ is a natural product found in herbal preparations, used medically as a sympathomimetic agent
A. D-Amphetamine
B. Amphetamine
C. Lisdexamfetamine
D. Methylphenidate
E. Cathninone
F. Ephedrine

A

F. Ephedrine

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10
Q

____ is a newer non amphetamine stimulant approved for narcolepsy and shift work disorder
A. D-Amphetamine
B. Amphetamine
C. Lisdexamfetamine
D. Methylphenidate
E. Cathninone
F. Ephedrine
G. Modafanil

A

G. Modafanil

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11
Q

How do cocaine and amphetamines produce increased levels of arousal and wakefulness?
A. via stimulation of locus coeruleus
B. via stimulation of reticular activating system

A

B. via stimulation of reticular activating system

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12
Q

True or False: Euphoria and increased stimulation are the “positive” CNS effects of cocaine and amphetamine use, but formication, psychosis, rebound effects, tolerance and dependence are the “negative” CNS effects

A

True

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13
Q

The peripheral effects of cocaine and amphetamines are primarily _____
A. sympathetic
B. parasympathetic
C. sympathomimetic

A

C. sympathomimetic

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14
Q

Sympathomimetic effects of cocaine/amphetamines primarily act on the ____ system

A

CV (tach, HTN, arrythmia)

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15
Q

How does amphetamine work? How does cocaine work?

A

Amphetamines: Enhances release of NE and DA

Cocaine: Inhibits uptake of NE and DA

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16
Q

How does chronic abuse affect reward centers chronically?

A

Decreased DA in reward centers of the brain

17
Q

True or False: Amphetamines can be used to treat narcolepsy and ADD

A

True - Modafanil (Narcolepsy) and Methylphenidate (ADD)

18
Q

Compare and contrast crack (free base) and powdered cocaine:

A

Powdered Cocaine
- H2O soluble
- Taken by: snorting, ingestion, IV

Crack (Free Base) Cocaine
- Fat soluble
- Smoke

19
Q

True or False: Like Amphetamines, cocaine causes CNS stimulation, euphoria, suppression of appetite, paranoia, and can lead to tolerance/dependence

A

True

20
Q

How does cocaine affect the periphery?

A

Stimulates sympathetic NS (elevated HR, BP stroke, sudden death)

21
Q

What is the primary MOA of cocaine in the CNS? PNS?

A

CNS: Inhibits synaptic re-uptake of NE/DA, which result in stimulant and reinforcing effects, respectively

PNS: Inhibition of synaptic re-uptake of NE results in sympathomimetic effects

22
Q

True or False: Nucleus Accumbens is the main reward center

A

True

23
Q

True or False: Chronic amphetamine and cocaine use can lead to dopamine depletion

A

True

24
Q

True or False: Amphetamines and cocaine have reinforcing effects

A

True

25
Q

____, a methylated xanthine, is used to treat asthma
A. Caffeine
B. Aminophylline
C. Theophylline

A

C. Theophylline

26
Q

True or False: Caffeine and theophylline are someone used to treat apnea in pre-term babies

A

True

27
Q

What CNS effects does caffeine have?

A

Cortical, mental, and respiratory stimulation

28
Q

What characterizes methylxanthine overdose? Treatment?

A

Excessive CNS stimulation can lead to seizures
- possibly excess cardiac stimulation and CV collapse

Tx: symptomatic

29
Q

MOA for caffeine action?

A

Block adenosine receptors

30
Q

Strychnine and Tetanus are ___ ___ stimulants

A

spinal cord stimulants

31
Q

____: potent convulsant used as rat poison. Acts as antagonists at glycine receptor.
A. Strychnine
B. Tetanus

_____ acts by inhibiting release of glycine from renshaw cells.
A. Strychnine
B. Tetanus

A

A. Strychnine

B. Tetanus

Pharmacology (53 decks)

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