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Pharmacology > Environmental Toxins > Flashcards

Environmental Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

___ is a non-specific chelator that limits drug absorption while ___ is good for recent ingestion of caustic liquids (not pills)

A

Activated charcoal; gastric lavage

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2
Q

Carbamates, VX Nerve agent and methyl parthinon belong to which drug class (most toxic!!)

A

Organophosphates - type of insecticide

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3
Q

True or False: Headache and SLUD symptoms are typical symptoms that are seen in OP poisoning

A

True

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4
Q

Organophosphates inhibit ____, an enzyme

A

AchE

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5
Q

Carbamates bind ____ while OP are ____. Therefore, carbamates are treated with ___ while OP are treated with ___/____

A

Carbamates = reversible binding; atropine

OP = irreversible; 2 PAM/atropine

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6
Q

Which class of insecticides paralyzes the diaphragm, leading to respiratory failure, and depresses CNS centers?

A

Organophosphates

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7
Q

Which class of insecticides inhibits VG sodium channels?

A

Chlorinated Insecticides (DDT)

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8
Q

What two drugs can treat chlorinated insecticide (DDT) poisoning?

A

1) Phenobarbital
2) Diazepam

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9
Q

Patient presents with seizure and weakness. What insecticide have they most likely been exposed to?
A. Chlorinated
B. Pyrethrins
C. OP

A

B. Pyrethrins

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10
Q

Activated charcoal and bronchodilators can be used to treat least toxic class of insecticides, which is ____

A

Pyrethrins

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11
Q

Chloracne is a result of ___ exposure

___ exposure can lead to mesothelioma

A

Dioxin

Asbestos

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12
Q

What two products result from methanol metabolism?

What product results from ethylene glycol metabolism?

A

1) ADH
2) Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

1) Oxalic acid

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13
Q

Three ways to treat methanol poisoning?

A

1) Fomepizole
2) NaHCO3 - met acidosis
3) Folic B - formate

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14
Q

___ can be used to treat both methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning

A

Fomepizole

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15
Q

Hypocalemic tetany and oxalicacidurea crystals are characteristic of ____ poisoning

A

ethylene glycol

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16
Q

Microcytic hypochromic anemia is characteristic of ____ poisoning

A

Pb (inhibits Hb synthesis)

17
Q

First line drug for Pb poisoning?

A

Succimer
(2nd is EDTA)

18
Q

True or False: Methylmercury deteriorates BBB while Pb passes into BBB

A

False - Methylmercury enters into BBB while Pb deteriorates BBB

19
Q

True or False: Chelation therapy is only temporarily effective

A

True (blood metal levels rebound after therapy)

20
Q

Which form of methylmercury is more toxic: organic or elemental form?

Which form of arsenic is more toxic: organic or elemental form?

A

Methylmercury - organic

Arsenic - elemental

21
Q

Hyperkeratinosis and Exfoliative Dermatitis are symptoms of chronic exposure to which metal?
A. Arsenic
B. Iron
C. Methylmercury
D. Pn

A

A. Arsenic

22
Q

____ is a symptom of acute arsenic exposure

A

Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

23
Q

Contaminated fish is source of ___ while water is source of ___

A

methylmercury; arsenic

24
Q

Irreversible deafness and ataxia can result from exposure to which metal?

A

Methylmercury

25
Q

___ is the drug used to treat arsenic poisoning

A

Dimercaprol

26
Q

___ is used to treat methylmercury

A

Penicillamine

27
Q

True or False: Headache suggests CN- exposure

A

False - suggest CO exposure

28
Q

Treatment for CO exposure?

A

Hyperbaric O2

29
Q

True or False: CO outcompetes O2 binding and form carboxyHb

A

True

30
Q

True or False: CN- binds to cytochrome oxidase and inhibits ETC

A

True

31
Q

Tachy and hot dry skin are symptoms most closely associated with which toxic syndrome?
A. Sympathomimetic
B. Cholinergic
C. Anti-cholinergic

Treatment?

A

C. Anti-cholinergic

Neostigmine

32
Q

Both heroin (opioid) and ETOH produce hypotension, miosis, and brady. However, the cause of the prior is ___ while the cause of the latter is ____

A

opiod = narcoitcs
ETOH = barbituates, benzos

33
Q

___ are a class a drugs that could lead to cholinergic syndromes

A

Insecticides (OP)

34
Q

IV saline and flumazenil treat which toxic syndrome?

A

Non-opioids

35
Q

Benzodiazepines and Lidocaine can treat seizure and tachy, respectively, both of which are commonly seen in which toxic syndrome?

A

Sympathomimetic

36
Q

True or False: Tachy, HTN, myriasis, and sweating are symptoms of sympathomimetics (e.g cocaine)

A

True

Pharmacology (53 decks)

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