Environmental Toxins Flashcards
___ is a non-specific chelator that limits drug absorption while ___ is good for recent ingestion of caustic liquids (not pills)
Activated charcoal; gastric lavage
Carbamates, VX Nerve agent and methyl parthinon belong to which drug class (most toxic!!)
Organophosphates - type of insecticide
True or False: Headache and SLUD symptoms are typical symptoms that are seen in OP poisoning
True
Organophosphates inhibit ____, an enzyme
AchE
Carbamates bind ____ while OP are ____. Therefore, carbamates are treated with ___ while OP are treated with ___/____
Carbamates = reversible binding; atropine
OP = irreversible; 2 PAM/atropine
Which class of insecticides paralyzes the diaphragm, leading to respiratory failure, and depresses CNS centers?
Organophosphates
Which class of insecticides inhibits VG sodium channels?
Chlorinated Insecticides (DDT)
What two drugs can treat chlorinated insecticide (DDT) poisoning?
1) Phenobarbital
2) Diazepam
Patient presents with seizure and weakness. What insecticide have they most likely been exposed to?
A. Chlorinated
B. Pyrethrins
C. OP
B. Pyrethrins
Activated charcoal and bronchodilators can be used to treat least toxic class of insecticides, which is ____
Pyrethrins
Chloracne is a result of ___ exposure
___ exposure can lead to mesothelioma
Dioxin
Asbestos
What two products result from methanol metabolism?
What product results from ethylene glycol metabolism?
1) ADH
2) Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
1) Oxalic acid
Three ways to treat methanol poisoning?
1) Fomepizole
2) NaHCO3 - met acidosis
3) Folic B - formate
___ can be used to treat both methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning
Fomepizole
Hypocalemic tetany and oxalicacidurea crystals are characteristic of ____ poisoning
ethylene glycol
Microcytic hypochromic anemia is characteristic of ____ poisoning
Pb (inhibits Hb synthesis)
First line drug for Pb poisoning?
Succimer
(2nd is EDTA)
True or False: Methylmercury deteriorates BBB while Pb passes into BBB
False - Methylmercury enters into BBB while Pb deteriorates BBB
True or False: Chelation therapy is only temporarily effective
True (blood metal levels rebound after therapy)
Which form of methylmercury is more toxic: organic or elemental form?
Which form of arsenic is more toxic: organic or elemental form?
Methylmercury - organic
Arsenic - elemental
Hyperkeratinosis and Exfoliative Dermatitis are symptoms of chronic exposure to which metal?
A. Arsenic
B. Iron
C. Methylmercury
D. Pn
A. Arsenic
____ is a symptom of acute arsenic exposure
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
Contaminated fish is source of ___ while water is source of ___
methylmercury; arsenic
Irreversible deafness and ataxia can result from exposure to which metal?
Methylmercury
___ is the drug used to treat arsenic poisoning
Dimercaprol
___ is used to treat methylmercury
Penicillamine
True or False: Headache suggests CN- exposure
False - suggest CO exposure
Treatment for CO exposure?
Hyperbaric O2
True or False: CO outcompetes O2 binding and form carboxyHb
True
True or False: CN- binds to cytochrome oxidase and inhibits ETC
True
Tachy and hot dry skin are symptoms most closely associated with which toxic syndrome?
A. Sympathomimetic
B. Cholinergic
C. Anti-cholinergic
Treatment?
C. Anti-cholinergic
Neostigmine
Both heroin (opioid) and ETOH produce hypotension, miosis, and brady. However, the cause of the prior is ___ while the cause of the latter is ____
opiod = narcoitcs
ETOH = barbituates, benzos
___ are a class a drugs that could lead to cholinergic syndromes
Insecticides (OP)
IV saline and flumazenil treat which toxic syndrome?
Non-opioids
Benzodiazepines and Lidocaine can treat seizure and tachy, respectively, both of which are commonly seen in which toxic syndrome?
Sympathomimetic
True or False: Tachy, HTN, myriasis, and sweating are symptoms of sympathomimetics (e.g cocaine)
True
