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Pharmacology > Lecture 7: Antiviral Agents I > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Antiviral Agents I Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following prevents the attachment and penetration of viral particles in the host cell (first phase)?
A. Gamma globulin
B. Amantadine
C. Zanamivir
D. Oseltamivir

A

A. Gamma globulin

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2
Q

Although AE are rare, ____ can cause systemic anaphylaxis after being administered via IV
A. Gamma globulin
B. Amantadine
C. Zanamivir
D. Oseltamivir

A

A. Gamma globulin

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3
Q

____ is a monoclonal antibody to the F protein that neutralizes RSV, inhibiting pathogenesis in kids and infants
A. Gamma globulin
B. Amantadine
C. Zanamivir
D. Oseltamivir
E. Pavilizumab

A

E. Pavilizumab

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4
Q

_____ acts on the host cell to block viral penetration and uncoating, inhibiting release of infectious nucleic acid into cell cytoplasm, by buffer the ___ of endosomes
A. Gamma globulin
B. Amantadine
C. Zanamivir
D. Oseltamivir
E. Pavilizumab

A

B. Amantadine

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5
Q

Amantadine blocks which viral protein?

A

M2 viral protein

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6
Q

True or False: Amantadine is associated with CNS effects

A

True

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7
Q

____ is effective at treating Influenza A but NOT Influenza B. Also used as an anti-parkinsonian agent.
A. Gamma globulin
B. Amantadine
C. Zanamivir
D. Oseltamivir
E. Pavilizumab

A

B. Amantadine

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8
Q

Type A Influenza Viruses can be classified into subtypes based on the antigenic characteristic of their surface agents:
1. ____
2. ____

A
  1. Hemagglutinin (HA Antigen)
  2. Neuroaminidase (NA Antigen)
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9
Q

Which Type A Influenza Virus antigen is responsible for attachment of the virus to the sugary “hooks” on sialic acid residues?
A. Hemagglutinin (HA Antigen)
B. Neuroaminidase (NA Antigen)

A

A. Hemagglutinin (HA Antigen)

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10
Q

True or False: Neuroaminidase (NA), a Type A Influenza Virus antigen, cleaves linkages between sialic acid and Hemagglutinin (HA)

A

True

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11
Q

What are three reasons that Neuroaminidase makes a good target for flu drugs?

A
  1. NA is very different in humans
  2. NA is critical for influenza virus replication
  3. Viral NA is chemically identical in all influenza strains
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12
Q

_____: inhibits influenza virus NA (neuroaminidase)
A. Gamma globulin
B. Zanamivir
C. Oseltamivir
D. Pavilizumab

A

B. Zanamivir

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13
Q

True or False: Neuraminidase inhibitors appear to only be effective against Influenza A

A

False - NA Inhibitors appear to be effective against Influenza A and B strains

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14
Q

True or False: Zanamivir has poor bioavailability, commonly used via: oral inhalation

A

True

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15
Q

What is the major advantage of Oseltamivir over Zanamivir?

A

Oseltamivir can be taken as a pill and acts systemically

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16
Q

___ is a purine nucleoside analog that is phosphorylated intracellular, inhibiting viral RNAP (mRNA)
A. Gamma globulin
B. Zanamivir
C. Oseltamivir
D. Pavilizumab
E. Ribavirin

A

E. Ribavirin

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17
Q

True or False: In virus infected cells in vitro, ribavirin generally exhibits a greater affinity for inhibition of viral RNA synthesis than cellular RNA synthesis

A

True

18
Q

Which of the following drugs can cause sudden deterioration of respiration in infant and should NOT be used in adults (testicular lesions, teratogenic)?
A. Gamma globulin
B. Zanamivir
C. Oseltamivir
D. Pavilizumab
E. Ribavirin

A

E. Ribavirin

19
Q

What are the two clinical uses of Ribavirin?

A
  1. RSV (respiratory syncytial virus infection)
  2. Chronic Hep C Virus Infection
20
Q

____ is activated by phosphorylation by thymidine kinase to the triphosphate derivative, which inhibits viral and cellular DNAP
A. Gamma globulin
B. Zanamivir
C. Oseltamivir
D. Trifluridine
E. Ribavirin

A

D. Trifluridine

21
Q

____ is incorporated into growing DNA Strand, causing chain termination. It is active against Type 1 and Type 2 HSV (herpes)
A. Gamma globulin
B. Zanamivir
C. Oseltamivir
D. Trifluridine
E. Ribavirin

A

D. Trifluridine

22
Q

Which condition is associated with follicular/keratoconjunctivitis or a corneal ulcer?
A. Hepatitis
B. HSV
C. RSV

A

B. HSV

23
Q

Which AE are associated with Trifluridine?
A. Fever, GI disturbance
B. Visual Haze, Teratogenic
C. Skin sloughing
D. COPD

A

B. Visual Haze, Teratogenic

24
Q

___ is a purine nucleoside analog derived from guanine that must be phosphorylated to be effective.
A. Acyclovir
B. Zanamivir
C. Oseltamivir
D. Trifluridine
E. Ribavirin

A

A. Acyclovir

25
Q

True or False: Phosphorylation reaction of Acyclovir occurs much more rapidly in herpes infected host cells than in non-infected human cells

A

True

26
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for the rapid phosphorylation of Acyclovir in infected cells?

A

Herpes virus-specific Thymidine Kinase

27
Q

Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits herpes viral ____, thereby inhibits viral synthesis and replication

A

DNAP

28
Q

Why is Acyclovir a perfect example of an antimetabolite with selective antiviral activity?

A

It is non-toxic to normal human cells

29
Q

____ is related to acyclovir, differing only in the addition of a second terminal hydroxymethyl group at C2 of the acyclic side chain on the ribose ring.

As a result, it increases antiviral activity against _____

A. Ganciclovir
B. Zanamivir
C. Oseltamivir
D. Trifluridine
E. Ribavirin

A

A. Ganciclovir
- cytomegalovirus

30
Q

True or False: When Acyclovir triphosphate is incorporated into Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA Polymerase, it suppresses chain elongation and inhibits CMV replication

A

False - this occurs with Ganciclovir

31
Q

Which three AE are associated with Ganciclovir?

A
  1. Teratogen/carcinogen
  2. Granulocytopenia/thrombocytopenia
  3. Severe myelosuppression
32
Q

Which condition can Ganciclovir treat?
Which condition can Foscarnet treat?

A

Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis (in AIDS patients)

33
Q

What is the main toxicity associated with Foscarnet?

A

Renal toxicity

34
Q

True or False: Foscarnet inhibits viral RNA Polymerase

A

False - inhibits DNA polymerase

35
Q

_____ a family of species-specific proteins/glycoproteins that are made by peripheral blood leukocytes, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells

A

Interferons

36
Q

____ is a mixture of alpha interferons that inhibit viral protein synthesis and replication.
A. Interferon alfa-n1 Lymphoblastoid
B. Interferon alpha 2a
C. Interferone alpha 2b

A

A. Interferon alfa-n1 Lymphoblastoid

37
Q

Once bound to the membrane, how does interferon a act as an inhibitor of viral replication in cells?

A

Inducing host cells to make enzymes that inhibit translation of viral mRNA to viral proteins

38
Q

Inteferon a leads to the synthesis of which three enzymes?

A
  1. Protein Kinase
  2. Phosphodiesterase
  3. 2’5’ oligoadenylate synthetases
39
Q

True or False: Interferon a may act as an anticancer agent

A

True

40
Q

What are three clinical uses for Interferon a?

A
  1. Cutaneous warts
  2. Herpes keratoconjunctivitis
  3. Chronic Hep B and C

Pharmacology (53 decks)

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