Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > 1-4 and 5 > Flashcards

1-4 and 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Which two drugs have a black box warning that state they cause myelination disorders?

A

Tolvaptan/Mozvaptan (V2 Receptor Antagonists)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which drug class does Conivaptan belong to?

A

V1a/V2 Receptor Antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which drug class is best use for treating hypervolemic-hyponatremia due to SIADH?

A

Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Clinical indications for Vasopressin agonists?

A

1) Diabetes insipidus
2) Nocturia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What part of the kidney is critical for conserving water?

A

Collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When plasma Osm increases, so do vasopressin levels. How does this affect water permeability?

A

Increases water permeability by enhancing AQP2 localization in membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the major receptor in renal tissue (specifically: in the principal cells of the collecting duct and thick ascending limb)?

A

V2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does vasopressin lead to translocation of AQP2 on membrane surface?

A

-Rise in cAMP and PKA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What drug class binds to NPR receptors, thereby triggering conversion of GTP to cyclic GMP?

A

Natriuretic Peptides (AMP, CMP, Urodilatin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or False: In the Natriuretic Peptide pathway, both cGMP and PKG inhibit the CNG (cyclic nucleotide gate channel) directly

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False: In the Natriuretic Peptide pathway, PKG prevents Na exit via Na/K ATPase

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

___ is a recombinant BMPknown to inhibit cyclic nucleotide gated cation channel (CNGC)

A

Nesiritide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Regarding natriuretic peptides, what channel allows for Na/K/NH4 entry and is controlled by cGMP?

A

CNGC (cyclic nucleotide gated cation channel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do Natriuretic Peptides act?

A

Inner medullary collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What drug is a MR specific antagonist with reduced non-specific effects?

A

Eplerenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False: Since Thiazides can interfere w/other steroid receptors, they can cause impotence, hirsuitism, menstrual irregularities, etc.

A

False - Since MR Antagonists can interfere w/other steroid receptors, they can cause impotence, hirsuitism, menstrual irregularities, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What drugs prevent aldosterone induced increased expression of ENaC mRNA and protein
A. Spironolactone/Eplerenone
B. Amiloride

A

A. Spironolactine/Eplerenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do MR Antagonists decrease mRNA expression of ENaC and promote degradation of ENaC

A

They stop NEDD 4/2 from being phosphoryalted - therefore ENaC is degraded

By inhibiting aldosterone, aldosterone cannot bind to MR, enter nucleus, and upregulate ENa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

Delete me

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

True or False: Hypokalemia is an AE of K Sparing Diuretics

A

False - hyperkalemia

22
Q

____ is one of the aldosterone induced proteins

A

ENaC

23
Q

How does the aldosterone-MR complex produce proteins?

A

Enters nucleus, homodimerizes, binds to responsive elements in DNA

24
Q

Which two drugs block ENaC channels?
Which two drugs are MR antagonists?

A

ENaC: Amiloride/Triamterene
MR Antagonists: Spironolactone/Eplerenone

25
Q

Amiloride and Triamterene are known to cause _____

A

hyperkalemia
(worsened by NSAID’s, ACE Inhibitors, and Trimethoprim)

26
Q

Amiloride and Triamterene are contraindicated in what patient population?

A

Those with hypoaldosteronism

27
Q

True or False: By inhibiting ENaC in late DCT and Collecting Duct, Triamterene and Amiloride spares K loss

A

True

28
Q

True or False: Mineralcorticoid Receptor antagonists bring about decreased expression of ENaC

A

True

29
Q

What cell types of the cortical collecting duct do K+ sparing diuretics and aldosterone act on?

A

Principal cells

30
Q

Role of Principal Cells?

A

Reabsorb water and sodium; promote K secretion

31
Q

Thiazides and ____ can cause polymorphic ventricular tachy

A

Quinidine

32
Q

Indapamide, Chlorthalidone, and Metolazone belong to what drug class?

A

Thiazides

33
Q

What differentiates Na/Cl symporter inhibitors from Loop Diuretics?

A

-Thiazides have minimal effect on GFR, renin release, or RAAS activation because they act at a site PAST macula densa cells

34
Q

Where are Na/Cl- symporters located?

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

35
Q

Describe the epithelium in the DCT?

A

Tight, minimal water permeability

36
Q

What type of diuretics may cause ototoxicity?

A

Loop Diuretics
- Interference of ionic conductance

37
Q

True or False: Loop Diuretics can lead to sympathetic reflex and, ultimately, RAAS pathway activation

A

True

38
Q

How does inhibition of Na/K/2Cl Symporter affect potential difference across epithelial cells?

A

Reduces potential difference
- Could cause decrease calcium and magnesium reabsorption

39
Q

Where do osmotic diuretics act?

A

Loop of henle and PCT (water permeable membranes)

40
Q

___ acts an an inert agent, increasing Osm and promoting water loss in lumen

A

Mannitol

41
Q

True or False: Loop of Henle is site of action for osmotic and loop diuretics

A

True

42
Q

Systemic metabolic acidosis is associated with which drug class?

A

CA Inhibitors

43
Q

What are two examples of CA Inhibitors?

A

1) Acetazolamide
2) Methazolamide

44
Q

What do CA Inhibitors prevent?

A

1) CO2 uptake - decreases carbonic acid break down
2) indirectly decreases amount of sodium reabsorbed from luminal fluid

45
Q

In the lumen/brush border, H2CO3 decomposes rapidly to CO2 and water in the presence of which CA Enzyme?

A

CA Type 4

46
Q

Which CA Enzyme acts within the cytoplasm to breakdown carbonic acid into HCO3 and H+?

A

CA Type II

47
Q

True or False: Carbonic Anhydrase plays a role in HCO3 reabsorption and acid excretion

A

True

48
Q

Where are CA enzymes primarily located?

A

PCT

49
Q

Denser microvilli are found in the apical membrane of the ___ tubule, which allows for greater solute absorption

The collecting duct contains ___ epithelia

A

proximal
tight

50
Q

How do diuretics treat HTN?

A
  • Promotes diuresis/natriuresis
  • Decrease hypervolemia/hypernatremia
  • Decrease pre-load
51
Q

How are diuretics used to treat heart failure?

A

Reduce edema and congestion

Pharmacology (53 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions