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Pharmacology > L11: Thyroid/Parathyroid > Flashcards

L11: Thyroid/Parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

Levothyroxine is used to treat ____ while 131 I is used to treat ____
A. hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism
B. hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism

A

B. hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism

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2
Q

Alendronate, Risendronate, Ibandronate, and Zoledronate are bisphosphates used to treat….
A. hypercalcemia
B. osteoporosis
C. paget’s disease

A

B. osteoporosis

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3
Q

Zoledronate is used to treat which two conditions?

A

Osteoporosis and Hypercalcemia

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4
Q

True or False: Pamidronate, Calcitonin, and Zolendronate treat hypocalcemia

A

False - hypercalcemia

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5
Q

What is severe hypothyroidism in adults known as?

A

Myxedema
- Congestive heart
- Baggy eyes
- Non-pitting edema

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6
Q

True or False: If an adult has mild hypothyroidism, they may be weak, lethargic, and have decreased weight gain due to have decreased metabolism, depression , and reduced CO

A

False - they have INCREASED weight gain

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7
Q

True or False: Adult hyperthyroidism can result in an endemic goiter

A

False - hypothyroid

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8
Q

What are 3 causes of adult hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Inadequate Iodine in diet and little T3/4 formed
  2. Goitrogens
  3. Hashimoto Thyroiditis
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9
Q

_____: Directly or indirectly inhibit I2 transport into thyrocytes; it is associated with ADEQUATE I2 but minimal T3/4 made

A

Goitrogens

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10
Q

_____ is an autoimmune disease that is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the US

A

Hashimoto Thyroiditis

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11
Q

A woman who is postpartum may experience antibodies damaging the thyroid tissue, releasing thyroid passively.

Which of the following describes this?
A. hyperthyroidism
B. hypothyroidism

A

A. hyperthyroidism

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12
Q

A woman who is postpartum may experience declining levels of thyroid levels, producing either temporary or permanent thyroid failure.

Which of the following describes this?
A. hyperthyroidism
B. hypothyroidism

A

B. hypothyroidism

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13
Q

If hypothyroidism is ___, it can be treated with IV therapy with T4 or T3

If hypothyroid is ___, it can be treated with oral synthetic T4 (Levothyroxine)

A. severe; mild
B. mild; severe

A

A. severe; mild

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14
Q

True or False: When taking Levothyroxine, T4 is converted into T3 in effector/peripheral tissue via: deiodinase

A

True

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15
Q

When prescribing levothyroxine, you may have to increase dose for which two patient populations?

A
  1. Pregnant patients
  2. Those on estrogen therapy
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16
Q

Weight loss, nervousness, restlessness, fatigue, weakness, and heat intolerance are symptoms most closely associated with…
A. hyperthyroidism
B. hypothyroidism

A

A. hyperthyroidism

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17
Q

Exophthalmos is a example of:
A. hyperthyroidism
B. hypothyroidism

A

A. hyperthyroidism

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18
Q

Normal T4/T3 levels and low TSH are symptoms of…
A. hyperthyroidism
B. hypothyroidism

A

A. hyperthyroidism

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19
Q

Older patients with atrial arrythmias often have subclinical ____ as a cause

A

hyperthyroidism

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20
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves Disease

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21
Q

The presence of ___ antibodies is present in Graves Disease
A. IgM
B. IgA
C. IgG
D. IgF

A

C. IgG

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22
Q

Which condition is characterized by thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin—which mimics TSH and increases T3/4 release–which suppresses TSH to zero?

A

Graves Disease

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23
Q

True or False: Patients who have hyperthyroidism may eventually become hypothyroid because the gland is “burned out”

A

True

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24
Q

____ is a beta particle emitter that kills tissue and use used to treat hyperthyroidism

A

131 I Therapy

25
Q

True or False: Thyroid gland is the most efficient, high affinity iodide transporter – other iodide transporting glands (e.g salivary) are not as affected by 131 I use

A

True

26
Q

True or False: 131 I Therapy is contraindicated in nursing mothers and can be used to treat thyroid cancer

A

True

27
Q

What are the effects of estrogen, calcitonin, PTH, and calcitriol on osteoclasts and osteoblasts?

A
28
Q

True or False: Calcitriol and PTH increase osteoblast activity

A

True

29
Q

True or False: Calcitonin decreases osteoclasts

A

True

30
Q

Which drug class contains P-O-P bonds
that have been replaced by P-C-P bonds and slow bone turnover by incorporating into bone?
A. Bisphosphonates
B. Estrogen Therapy
C. Biologic Drugs

A

A. Bisphosphonates

31
Q

True or False: Some bisphosphonates may induce apoptosis of osteoclasts

A

True

32
Q

True or False: Zolendronic Acid, a bisphosphonate, inhibits osteloclasts

A

True

33
Q

True or False: Calcium pyrophosphate makes up hydroxyapatite while Na Etidronate is one of the oldest biphosphonates

A

True

34
Q

Which of the following
is an amino substituted bisphosphonate that is more potent thatn other members AND can inhibit bone resorption WITHOUT impairing bone mineralization?
A. Risendronate
B. Zolendronate
C. Ibandronate
D. Alendronate

A

D. Alendronate

35
Q

True or False: Alendronate can be used to treat Paget’s Disease or Osteoporosis

A

True

36
Q

True or False: Side effect associated with the bisphosphonates inculde: AFF, ONJ, and esophageal erosion

A

True

37
Q

Which of the following is a pyridinal bisphosphonate that is chemically UNLIKE the others and decreases turnover by binding to HYDROXYAPETITE in bone?
A. Risendronate
B. Zolendronate
C. Ibandronate
D. Alendronate

A

A. Risendronate

38
Q

True or False: Risendronate can treat Osteoporosis or Paget Disease

A

True

39
Q

Which of the following bisphosphonates has two forms –
1) is administered once a year via IV and acts to INHIBIT osteoclast activity and induce APOPTOSIS and

2) treats hypercalcemia?
A. Risendronate
B. Zolendronate
C. Ibandronate
D. Alendronate

A

B. Zolendronate

40
Q

Which bisphosphonate is given monthly and, at higher doses, can cause constipation, flu-like symptoms, and pain in extremities?
A. Risendronate
B. Zolendronate
C. Ibandronate
D. Alendronate

A

C. Ibandronate

41
Q

True or False: Ibandronate is associated with femoral shaft fractures while Alendronate is associated with femur fractures

A

True

42
Q

Why is estrogen therapy no longer used to treat osteoporosis?

A

Risks outweighs benefits
- Increased breast cancer risk and coronary heart disease

43
Q

Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator use approved to treat _____

Risk associated with use?

A

post-menopausal ostoeporosis

  • Venous Thromboembolism
44
Q

Teriparatide, Abaloparatide, and Romosozumab are both anabolic agents and ___ hormones that can be used to treated osteoporosis

A

PTH

45
Q

Which patient populations are eligible for anabolic agents to treat osteoporosis?

A

Those who do not tolerate bisphosphonate therapy

46
Q

____ is a biologic drug. More specifically, it is a monoclonal antibody that binds to osteoclast ligand, thereby inhibit osteoclast activation and proliferation

A

Denosumab

47
Q

True or False: Denosumab, a biologic drug, reduces osteoclast activity and reduces proliferation, while also increasing bone density

A

True

48
Q

____ is the most potent Vit D metabolite, which increase calcium absorption in the intestine while decreasing calcium and phosphorous excretion by kidneys

A

Cilcitriol

49
Q

Which two conditions can Vit D, Calcitriol be used to treat?

A

Osteoporosis and Hypoparathyroidism

50
Q

True or False: Vit D Calcitriol does not depend on liver or kidneys for activation

A

True

51
Q

What causes hypercalcemia?

A
  1. Hyperparathyroidism
  2. Lung/Breast tumor, producing parathyroid-related protein
52
Q

What effects does PTH have on the bone and kidney?

A
53
Q

Both Pamidronate and Zoledronate treat ____
A. Osteoporosis
B. Hypercalemia
B. Hypocalemia

A

B. Hypercalemia

54
Q

Which of the following is primarily used to reduce bone pain and fractures in multiple myeloma and metastatic breast cancer?
A. Pamidronate
B. Zoledronate

A

A. Pamidronate

55
Q

Which of the following drugs used to treat hypercalcemia can result in necrosis of the jaw, if given in multiple doses?
A. Pamidronate
B. Zoledronate

A

B. Zoledronate

56
Q

____ is secreted from parafollicular cells (C cells) in the thyroid gland and lowers the serum Ca by inhibiting osteolysis and increasing calcium excretion (via: kidney)

A

Calcitonina

57
Q

There are two types of calcitonin, ___ is from salmon and causes antibodies to develop
while ___ is a synthetic human form
A. Calcimar, Cibacalcin
B. Cibacalcin, Calcimar

A

A. Calcimar, Cibacalcin

58
Q

Which two conditions can be treated with Calcitonin?

A
  1. Paget’s Disease
  2. Osteoporosis

Pharmacology (53 decks)

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