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Pharmacology > Lecture 7: Antiviral Agents I > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Antiviral Agents I Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following antiviral drugs prevents the attachment and penetration of viral particles into the host cell (first phase)?
A. Palivizumab
B. Amantadine
C. Oseltamivir
D. Immune Globulin

A

D. Immune Globulin

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2
Q

____ is a monoclonal antibody to the F protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
A. Palivizumab
B. Amantadine
C. Oseltamivir
D. Immune Globulin

A

A. Pavilizumab

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3
Q

____ is a tricyclic primary amine that acts on the host cell to block viral penetration and uncoating, inhibit release of infectious nucleic acid into the cell cytoplasm, by buffering pH of endosomes
A. Palivizumab
B. Amantadine
C. Oseltamivir
D. Immune Globulin

A

B. Amantadine

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4
Q

Amantidine blocks the __ viral protein channel required for nucleocapsid release
A. M1
B. M2
C. HCS1
D. STAT

A

B. M2

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5
Q

Which AE reactions are associated with amantadine?

A

CNS Effects

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6
Q

True or False: Amantadine is effective against Type B Influenza

A

False - it is NOT

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7
Q

Amantadine can also be used as an ____ agent

A

anti-parkinsonian

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8
Q

Which two surface antigens are found in Type A Influenza?

A

Hemagglutinin and Neuaminidase

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9
Q

In type A influenza viruses, ___ is responsible for attachment of virus to sugary “hooks” on cells (sialic acid residues) and penetration of virus into cell during initial stages of infection

A

Neuroaminidase (NA)

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10
Q

___, a membrane protein attached to the surface of the influenza virion, facilitates viral mobility to and from site of infection, important for virus spread.

A

Neuroaminidase (NA)

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11
Q

Which molecule cleaves the linkages between sialic acid and hemagglutinin from both itself and the infected cell surface?
A. Neuroaminidase (NA)
B. Neuroaminidase (NA)

A

A. Neuroaminidase

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12
Q

What are three reasons that Neuroaminidase is a good target for the flu?

A
  1. NA is different in humans
  2. The business end of viral NA, the part of the enzyme that actually breaks NA-sialic acid bond, is chemically identical in all influenza strains
  3. NA is critical for influenza virus replication
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13
Q

True or False: Amantadine can only treat Influenza A while Zanamivir is effective against ALL strains of Influenza A and B

A

True

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14
Q

Which of the following inhibits influenza virus neuraminidase?
A. Olseltamivir
B. Relenza
C. Peramivir
D. Zanamivir

A

D. Zanamivir

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15
Q

What is the major difference/advantage of Oseltamivir over Zanamivir?

A
  1. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) can be taken as a pill, rather than inhaled
  2. It acts systemically
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16
Q

___ is a purine nucleoside analog that is structurally similar to guanosine and is attached to a 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide moiety
A. Olseltamivir
B. Relenza
C. Peramivir
D. Zanamivir
E. Ribavirin

A

E. Ribavirin

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16
Q

___ is a purine nucleoside analog that is structurally similar to guanosine and is attached to a 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide moiety
A.

A
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17
Q

Once phosphorylated via cellular enzymes, ____ is the intracellular form of ribavirin

A

ribavirin-5’-triphosphate

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18
Q

True or False: Ribavirin inhibits viral DNA, polymerases, and mRNA synthesis

A

False - it inhibits viral RNA and polymerase + mRNA

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19
Q

True or False: In virus-infected cells in vitro, ribavirin generally exhibits a lesser affinity for inhibition of viral RNA synthesis than cellular RNA synthesis

A

False - In virus-infected cells in vitro, ribavirin generally exhibits a GREATER affinity for inhibition of viral RNA synthesis than cellular RNA synthesis

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20
Q

What is the primary condition that Ribavirin treats?

A

RSV (respiratory syncytial virus infection)

21
Q

Why should ribavirin not be used in adults?

A

Teratogenic
Testicular lesions

22
Q

True or False: An AE associated with Ribavirin use in infants includes: sudden deterioration of respiratory function

A

True

23
Q

____ , a trifluoro analog of thymidine, is a new pyrimidine nucleoside antiviral agent that INHIBITS viral and cellular DNA polymerase
A. Olseltamivir
B. Relenza
C. Peramivir
D. Zanamivir
E. Ribavirin
F. Trifluridine

A

F. Trifluridine

24
Q

True or False: Both Ribavirin and Trifluridine are phosphorylated

A

True

25
Q

True or False: Trifluridine inhibits viral RNA synthesis in mammalian cells

A

False - inhibits viral DNA!

26
Q

Which condition does Trifluridine treat?
A. Hep C
B. Both Influenza A and B
C. Influenza A
D. Type 1 and 2 Herpes

A

D. Type 1 and 2 Herpes

27
Q

Symptoms of herpes simplex infections?

A

Follicular conjunctivis and corneal ulcer

28
Q

Visual haze and teratogenicity are AE associated with which drug?

A
29
Q

Visual haze and teratogenicity are AE associated with which drug?
A. Olseltamivir
B. Relenza
C. Zanamivir
D. Ribavirin
E. Trifluridine

A

E. Trifluridine

30
Q

Which drug is an ophthalmic solution for topical treatment of keratoconjunctivitis due to HSV (herpes simplex virus)?
A. Olseltamivir
B. Relenza
C. Zanamivir
D. Ribavirin
E. Trifluridine

A

E. Trifluridine

31
Q

___ and ___ must be phosphorylated to be effective antiviral agent

A

Acyclovir (via: 1) viral thymidine kinase and 2) cellular kinases) and Trifluridine

32
Q

True or False: Phosphorylation reaction involving acyclovir occurs much more slowly in herpes infected host cells than in non-infected human cells

A

False - Phosphorylation reaction involving acyclovir occurs much more QUICKLY in herpes infected host cells than in non-infected human cells

33
Q

How does Acyclovir triphosphate inhibit viral DNA synthesis and viral replication?

A

Inhibits herpes viral DNA Polymerase

34
Q

True or False: Trifluridine is a perfect example of an antimetabolite with SELECTIVE antiviral activity

A

False - Acyclovir has these features!

35
Q

True or false: Acyclovir is typically non-toxic to normal human cells

A

True (no real AE’s…)

36
Q

Conversion of acyclovir to acyclovir triphosphate leads to ___ chain termination

A

DNA

37
Q

Which herpes virus specific kinase is responsible for the rapid phosphorylation of Acyclovir in the infected cell?

A

Thymidine Kinase

38
Q

Ganciclovir Sodium is identical to Acyclovir EXCEPT it does have a few adverse effects, such as….

A
  1. Teratogenic/Carcinogenic
  2. Granulocytopenia/Thrombocytopenia
  3. Severe myelosuppression
39
Q

True or False: Acyclovir is the drug of choice for treating cytomegalovirus retinis

A

False - Ganciclovir Sodium is!

40
Q

_____ is a drug that inhibits viral DNA Polymerase and is used to cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS
A. Olseltamivir
B. Foscarnet
C. Zanamivir
D. Ribavirin
E. Trifluridine

A

B. Foscarnet

41
Q

What is the main AE associated with Foscarnet?

A

Renal toxicity

42
Q

____ are a family of species-specific proteins or glycoproteins

A

Interferons

43
Q

What three cell types are interferons produced by?

A
  1. Peripheral blood leukocytes
  2. Fibroblasts
  3. Epithelial cells
44
Q

____: obtained from strain of E. coli bearing genetically engineered plasmid containing interferon a-2b gene from human leukocytes

A

Interferon-a2B

45
Q

What are the two principal mechanisms of interferons?

A

Inhibits viral protein synthesis and viral replication

46
Q

Once bound to the cell membrane, how does interferon alpha act as an inhibitor of viral replication?

A

By inducing host cell to make enzymes that inhibit translation of viral mRNA to viral proteins (thereby inhibiting viral replication)

47
Q

Which three cellular enzymes are made due to interferon alpha?

A
  1. Protein kinase
  2. Phosphodiesterase
  3. 2’5’ oligo adenylate synthetases
48
Q

Three uses of Interferon alpha?

A
  1. Cutaneous warts
  2. Herpes keratoconjunctivitis
49
Q

True or False: Interferon alpha may act as a anticancer agent agonist

A

True

Pharmacology (53 decks)

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