1-1 Flashcards
How do alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors typically affect VSM?
Activation of alpha 1 (calcium increase) and alpha 2 (decrease cAMP) typically cause VSM contraction
How does activation alpha 2 receptor typically affect CNS?
Inhibits NT (NE) release
True or False: Alpha antagonists are commonly use to treat clinical clinical conditions due to adrenal excess (e.g HTN, pheochromocytomas, BPH)
True
Phenoxybenzamine and Phentolamine belong to what drug class?
Non-Selective Alpha Blockers
Prazosin and Terazosin belong to what class of drugs?
Alpha 1 Selective Alpha Blockers
What is the net outcome of non-selective alpha blockers?
Reduced vascular pressure
True or False: Non-selective and Alpha-1 selective blockers can be used to treat HTN
True
How do non-selective alpha blockers affect peripheral VSM and CNS?
VSM: relaxation (blocks alpha 1/2)
CNS: NE release, increased cardiac rate, and suppressed negative feedback loop
What three drugs are alpha-2 adrenergic agonist?
Clonidine, Guanfacine, Methyldopa
Clinical indication for alpha 2 agonists?
1) Severe VC
2) HTN crisis
Where do alpha 2 agonists act?
Effects?
Sympathetic Nerve Terminals
- Prevent NE release
- Decrease HR and VC
True or False: Activation of Beta 1 can increase cardiac contraction and causes renin release
True
How do beta blockers affect the SA Node when used for heart failure? Benefits?
Slow SA Node (HR)
-Allows left ventricle to fill completely
-Lowers workload of heart
-Reduces myocardial O2 demand
What are three calcium channel blockers?
1) Verapamil
2) Diltiazem
3) Amlodipine
How do CCB’s affect cardiac, VSM cells, and blood vessels?
- Prevents excess contraction (preventing calcium entry)
- Smaller force/rate of contraction
- Blood vessels relaxation
