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Msk > Session 9 Part 1 > Flashcards

Session 9 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Two articulations of elbow joint

A

Humeroulnar joint - trochlear of humerus and trochlear notch of ulnar

Humeral radial joint- capitellum of humerus and radial head

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2
Q

What is proximal radio-ulnar joint

A

Between side of head of radius and radial notch of ulna

Within joint capsule- not part of elbow joint

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3
Q

What do the 2 distal humerus condyles do

A

Support articular elements- trochlea and capitellum

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4
Q

What do the 2 distal humeral epicondyles do

A

Serve as attachment for muscles of the forearm

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5
Q

What does the medial epicondyle provide attachment for

A

Flexor-Pronator group of muscles in the anterior forearm

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6
Q

What does the lateral epicondyle provide attachment for

A

Extensor group in the posterior forearm

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7
Q

What happens to the elbow joint during flexion

A

Radial and coronoid fossa of humerus accommodate the radial head and coronoid process of ulna

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8
Q

What happens at elbow extension

A

On posterior distal humerus, olecranon fossa receives tip of olecranon

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9
Q

Radial tuberosity is site of insertion for what

A

Biceps brachii

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10
Q

What does the ulna sigmoid notch articulate with

A

Trochlea of distal humerus

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11
Q

What is the olecranon posteriorly the site of insertion for

A

Triceps brachii

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12
Q

What does the radial notch of the ulna articulate with

A

Radial head

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13
Q

The supinator crest is the site of origin for what

A

Ulner head of supinator muscle

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14
Q

lateral aspect of elbow joint capsule strengthened by

A

Radial (lateral) collateral ligament

Fan shaped structure attached between lateral epicondyle of humerus and annular ligament of radius

Keeps head of radius and capitellum in close association during pronation and supination

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15
Q

Medial aspect of elbow joint strengthened by

A

Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament

Triangular ligament, stretches between medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process and olecranon of Ulna

Consists of 3 bands- anterior (strongest), posterior (fan-like, weak), and slender oblique (inferior) band which deepens socket for trochlea of humerus

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16
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint is stabilised by

A

Annular ligament - forms collar around the radial head within which it can rotate whilst maintaining contact with radial notch of ulna

It is a pivot joint

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17
Q

In full extension the ulna makes a

A

Valgus angle (lateral)

Carrying angle: 5-10 in men and 10-15 in women

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18
Q

What does the carrying angle do

A

Permits the forearm to clear the hips in swinging movements of the arm during walking

Xs= cubitus valgus
Not enough = cubitus varus

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19
Q

Major muscles that flex the elbow

A

Brachialis
Biceps brachialis
Brachioradialis

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20
Q

Major extensor of elbow joint

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus is weak

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21
Q

Supination and pronation occur at the

A

Proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

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22
Q

What performs supination and pronation

A

Supination = supinator or biceps brachii if resistance

Pronation = Pronator quadratus and Pronator teres

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23
Q

2 important bursae around elbow joint

A

Olecranon bursa and subtendinous bursa

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24
Q

What does subcutaneous olecranon bursa do

A

Lies in subcutaneous connective tissue overlying the olecranon

Reduce friction

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25
Q

What does the subtendinous bursa do

A

Lies between triceps tendon and tip of olecranon

Reduce friction

26
Q

What is distal radio-ulnar joint

A

Pivot joint in which ulnar notch of radius rotates anteriorly around head of ulnar

27
Q

What binds the radius and ulnar together and also separates the distal radioulnar joint from wrist joint

A

Triangular fibrocartilage complex

28
Q

Muscles producing supination and pronation at distal radio ulnar joint (same as at proximal)

A

Supinator in absence of resistance or biceps brachii

Pronator quadratus and Pronator teres

29
Q

What is the interosseous membrane

A

Forms a fibrous joint between radius and ulna- keeps bones together during pronation and supination and prevents proximal displacement of the radius if force is applied to outstretched hand

30
Q

Way to remember muscles of anterior forearm

A

4-1 = 3

31
Q

What does 4-1 = 3 mean

A

4 = superficial

Position thumb on medial epicondyle, 4 superficial flexors, pass fail pass fail

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

32
Q

What does 1 stand for

A

Middle- flexor digitorum superficialis

33
Q

What does 3 stand for

A

Deep

Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, Pronator quadratus

34
Q

Where do the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm arise from

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Common flexor origin

35
Q

What is immediately deep to the palmaris longus

A

Median nerve

36
Q

How does the deep branch of the radial nerve exit the cubital fossa

A

Passing between 2 heads of supinator to enter posterior compartment of forearm

37
Q

Where does the superficial branch of the radial nerve pass

A

Superficial to supinator, deep to brachioradialis

38
Q

Anatomical course of median nerve

A

Descends arm lateral to brachial artery

Crosses and becomes medial halfway down arm

Enters anterior arm via cubital fossa

Exits between Pronator teres 2 heads

Passes distally between flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus

39
Q

Anatomical course of ulnar nerve to the wrist

A

Descends medial aspect of arm

At elbow, passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus in cubital tunnel

Passes between 2 heads of flexor carpi ulnaris to enter forearm and travels deep

40
Q

3 branches of ulnar nerve in forearm

A

Muscular branch
Palmar cutaneous branch
Dorsal cutaneous branch

41
Q

Ulnar nerve at wrist

A

Superficial to flexor retinaculum and medial to ulnar artery

Enters hand via ulnar canal (Guyon’s canal)

Terminates by giving rise to superficial and deep branches

42
Q

What is froment’s sign

A

Test for ulnar nerve palsy

Paralysis of adductor pollicis

Grasp a piece of paper with thumb and index finger whilst being pulled away

Positive test = patient unable to adduct the thumb

43
Q

Anatomical course of musculocutaneous nerve

A

Leaves axilla and pierces Coracobrachialis muscle

Down flexor compartment superficial to brachialis but deep to biceps brachii

Pierces deep fascia lateral to biceps brachii to emerge lateral to biceps tendon and brachioradialis

Continues as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

44
Q

Mechanisms of injury to musculocutaneous nerve

A

Stabbing, anterior dislocation, injury during shoulder surgery

45
Q

Radial artery supplies

A

Posterolateral aspect of Forearm

46
Q

Ulnar artery supplies

A

Anteromedial aspect of forearm

Gives rise to anterior and posterior interosseous arteries supplying deeper structures

47
Q

How do radial and ulnar arteries anastomose

A

In the hand by forming 2 arches, the superficial palmar arch and the deep palmar arch

48
Q

Brachial pulse can be palpated at the

A

Cubital fossa median to tendon of biceps brachii

49
Q

Radial pulse can be palpated at the

A

Wrist immediately lateral to prominent tendon of flexor carpi radialis

50
Q

Ulnar pulse can be palpated

A

At the wrist, lateral to tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris and proximal to pisiform bone

51
Q

The superficial veins are considered to form

A

Part of the root of cubital fossa

52
Q

Borders of cubital fossa

A

Medial border of brachioradialis
Lateral border of Pronator teres
Hypothetical line between epicondyles of humerus

53
Q

Floor and roof of cubital fossa

A

Floor = Brachialis and supinator muscle

Roof = skin and fasciae, reinforced by bicipital aponeurosis

54
Q

What runs within the roof of cubital fossa

A

Medial cubital vein, accessed for venupuncture

Medial and lateral cutaneous nerves of forearm

55
Q

Contents of cubital fossa from lateral to medial

A

Radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

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56
Q

All muscles of the anterior forearm are supplied by the

A

Median nerve with the exception of flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)

57
Q

How to remember muscles of posterior forearm

A

3 x 3 x 3+ 3

3x muscles to wrist
3x muscles to fingers
3x muscles to thumb

+3 random

All innervated by radial nerve

58
Q

3x muscles to wrist

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris

59
Q

3x muscles to fingers

A

Extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicis

60
Q

3x muscles to thumb

A

Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

61
Q

+3 muscles posterior

A

Anconeus, supinator and brachioradialis

Msk (38 decks)

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