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Session 9 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Two articulations of elbow joint

A

Humeroulnar joint - trochlear of humerus and trochlear notch of ulnar

Humeral radial joint- capitellum of humerus and radial head

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2
Q

What is proximal radio-ulnar joint

A

Between side of head of radius and radial notch of ulna

Within joint capsule- not part of elbow joint

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3
Q

What do the 2 distal humerus condyles do

A

Support articular elements- trochlea and capitellum

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4
Q

What do the 2 distal humeral epicondyles do

A

Serve as attachment for muscles of the forearm

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5
Q

What does the medial epicondyle provide attachment for

A

Flexor-Pronator group of muscles in the anterior forearm

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6
Q

What does the lateral epicondyle provide attachment for

A

Extensor group in the posterior forearm

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7
Q

What happens to the elbow joint during flexion

A

Radial and coronoid fossa of humerus accommodate the radial head and coronoid process of ulna

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8
Q

What happens at elbow extension

A

On posterior distal humerus, olecranon fossa receives tip of olecranon

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9
Q

Radial tuberosity is site of insertion for what

A

Biceps brachii

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10
Q

What does the ulna sigmoid notch articulate with

A

Trochlea of distal humerus

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11
Q

What is the olecranon posteriorly the site of insertion for

A

Triceps brachii

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12
Q

What does the radial notch of the ulna articulate with

A

Radial head

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13
Q

The supinator crest is the site of origin for what

A

Ulner head of supinator muscle

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14
Q

lateral aspect of elbow joint capsule strengthened by

A

Radial (lateral) collateral ligament

Fan shaped structure attached between lateral epicondyle of humerus and annular ligament of radius

Keeps head of radius and capitellum in close association during pronation and supination

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15
Q

Medial aspect of elbow joint strengthened by

A

Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament

Triangular ligament, stretches between medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process and olecranon of Ulna

Consists of 3 bands- anterior (strongest), posterior (fan-like, weak), and slender oblique (inferior) band which deepens socket for trochlea of humerus

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16
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint is stabilised by

A

Annular ligament - forms collar around the radial head within which it can rotate whilst maintaining contact with radial notch of ulna

It is a pivot joint

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17
Q

In full extension the ulna makes a

A

Valgus angle (lateral)

Carrying angle: 5-10 in men and 10-15 in women

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18
Q

What does the carrying angle do

A

Permits the forearm to clear the hips in swinging movements of the arm during walking

Xs= cubitus valgus
Not enough = cubitus varus

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19
Q

Major muscles that flex the elbow

A

Brachialis
Biceps brachialis
Brachioradialis

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20
Q

Major extensor of elbow joint

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus is weak

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21
Q

Supination and pronation occur at the

A

Proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

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22
Q

What performs supination and pronation

A

Supination = supinator or biceps brachii if resistance

Pronation = Pronator quadratus and Pronator teres

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23
Q

2 important bursae around elbow joint

A

Olecranon bursa and subtendinous bursa

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24
Q

What does subcutaneous olecranon bursa do

A

Lies in subcutaneous connective tissue overlying the olecranon

Reduce friction

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25
What does the subtendinous bursa do
Lies between triceps tendon and tip of olecranon Reduce friction
26
What is distal radio-ulnar joint
Pivot joint in which ulnar notch of radius rotates anteriorly around head of ulnar
27
What binds the radius and ulnar together and also separates the distal radioulnar joint from wrist joint
Triangular fibrocartilage complex
28
Muscles producing supination and pronation at distal radio ulnar joint (same as at proximal)
Supinator in absence of resistance or biceps brachii Pronator quadratus and Pronator teres
29
What is the interosseous membrane
Forms a fibrous joint between radius and ulna- keeps bones together during pronation and supination and prevents proximal displacement of the radius if force is applied to outstretched hand
30
Way to remember muscles of anterior forearm
4-1 = 3
31
What does 4-1 = 3 mean
4 = superficial Position thumb on medial epicondyle, 4 superficial flexors, pass fail pass fail Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
32
What does 1 stand for
Middle- flexor digitorum superficialis
33
What does 3 stand for
Deep Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, Pronator quadratus
34
Where do the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm arise from
Medial epicondyle of the humerus Common flexor origin
35
What is immediately deep to the palmaris longus
Median nerve
36
How does the deep branch of the radial nerve exit the cubital fossa
Passing between 2 heads of supinator to enter posterior compartment of forearm
37
Where does the superficial branch of the radial nerve pass
Superficial to supinator, deep to brachioradialis
38
Anatomical course of median nerve
Descends arm lateral to brachial artery Crosses and becomes medial halfway down arm Enters anterior arm via cubital fossa Exits between Pronator teres 2 heads Passes distally between flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
39
Anatomical course of ulnar nerve to the wrist
Descends medial aspect of arm At elbow, passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus in cubital tunnel Passes between 2 heads of flexor carpi ulnaris to enter forearm and travels deep
40
3 branches of ulnar nerve in forearm
Muscular branch Palmar cutaneous branch Dorsal cutaneous branch
41
Ulnar nerve at wrist
Superficial to flexor retinaculum and medial to ulnar artery Enters hand via ulnar canal (Guyon’s canal) Terminates by giving rise to superficial and deep branches
42
What is froment’s sign
Test for ulnar nerve palsy Paralysis of adductor pollicis Grasp a piece of paper with thumb and index finger whilst being pulled away Positive test = patient unable to adduct the thumb
43
Anatomical course of musculocutaneous nerve
Leaves axilla and pierces Coracobrachialis muscle Down flexor compartment superficial to brachialis but deep to biceps brachii Pierces deep fascia lateral to biceps brachii to emerge lateral to biceps tendon and brachioradialis Continues as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
44
Mechanisms of injury to musculocutaneous nerve
Stabbing, anterior dislocation, injury during shoulder surgery
45
Radial artery supplies
Posterolateral aspect of Forearm
46
Ulnar artery supplies
Anteromedial aspect of forearm Gives rise to anterior and posterior interosseous arteries supplying deeper structures
47
How do radial and ulnar arteries anastomose
In the hand by forming 2 arches, the superficial palmar arch and the deep palmar arch
48
Brachial pulse can be palpated at the
Cubital fossa median to tendon of biceps brachii
49
Radial pulse can be palpated at the
Wrist immediately lateral to prominent tendon of flexor carpi radialis
50
Ulnar pulse can be palpated
At the wrist, lateral to tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris and proximal to pisiform bone
51
The superficial veins are considered to form
Part of the root of cubital fossa
52
Borders of cubital fossa
Medial border of brachioradialis Lateral border of Pronator teres Hypothetical line between epicondyles of humerus
53
Floor and roof of cubital fossa
Floor = Brachialis and supinator muscle Roof = skin and fasciae, reinforced by bicipital aponeurosis
54
What runs within the roof of cubital fossa
Medial cubital vein, accessed for venupuncture Medial and lateral cutaneous nerves of forearm
55
Contents of cubital fossa from lateral to medial
Radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve Really need beer to be at my nicest RN BT BA MN
56
All muscles of the anterior forearm are supplied by the
Median nerve with the exception of flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)
57
How to remember muscles of posterior forearm
3 x 3 x 3+ 3 3x muscles to wrist 3x muscles to fingers 3x muscles to thumb +3 random All innervated by radial nerve
58
3x muscles to wrist
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris
59
3x muscles to fingers
Extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicis
60
3x muscles to thumb
Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
61
+3 muscles posterior
Anconeus, supinator and brachioradialis

Msk (38 decks)

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