Pectoral region and axilla

Question 1

Action of serratus anterior

Answer 1

hold scapula against the ribcage
If long thoracic nerve damaged winging of scapular occurs
Place hand on wall and push
Prone to injury in surgical trauma or blunt trauma, wearing a heavy bag

Question 2

Axillary borders

Answer 2

Pec minor and major
Serratus anterior and thoracic wall
Scapularis, teres major, latissimus doors
Intertubecular sulcus

Question 3

Contents of axilla

Answer 3

Axillary artery and vein 
Branches of brachial plexus 
Intercostobrachial nerve
Axillary lymph nodes 
Biceps brachia short head and corobrachialis

Question 4

3 routes by which structures leave the axilla

Answer 4

inferiorly and laterally into upper limb 
via quadrangular space (surgical neck of humerus, teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps brachii)
clavipectoral triangle (opening in anterior wall of axilla bounded by pec major, deltoid and clavicle)

Question 5

What enters and exits via clavipectoral triangle

Answer 5

Cephalic vein enters

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves leave

Question 6

Lymph nodes of axilla

Answer 6

APICAL 
Anterior 
Posterior 
Infraclavicular 
Central 
Apical 
Lateral

Question 7

Right subclavian trunk continues to form the

Answer 7

right lymphatic duct

Question 8

Left subclavian trunk drains directly into the

Answer 8

thoracic duct

Question 9

What causes axillary lymphadenopathy

Answer 9

infection of upper limb/pectoral region/breast
Metastasis from breast cancer
Leukemia or lymphoma
Metastasis from malignant melanoma of upper limb

Question 10

Risks during lymph node dissection

Answer 10

Damage to long thoracic nerve or thoracodorsal nerve

Interruption of lymphatic drainage

Question 11

Main branches of axillary artery

Answer 11

First- proximal to pec minor
Second= posterior to pec minor
third- distal to pec minor

Question 12

Branches of first part of axillary artery

Answer 12

superior thoracic artery

Question 13

Branches of second part of axillary artery

Answer 13

thoracoacromial artery

Lateral thoracic artery

Question 14

Branches of third part of axillary artery

Answer 14

Subscapular artery
Anterior circumflex humeral artery
Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 15

Anterior and posterior circumflex arteries form an

Answer 15

anastomotic network around surgical neck of humerus

Question 16

At lower border of teres major, axillary artery is renamed

Answer 16

brachial artery

Question 17

The first part of the axillary vein receives the

Answer 17

cephalic vein

Question 18

Superficial veins of upper limb

Answer 18

cephalic (pre-axial) and basilic (post axial)

from dorsal venous network of hand

Question 19

What forms the anterior border of the lymph nodes

Answer 19

pec major

Question 20

Which nerve root has been affected to cause neck pain, weakness of grip in hand and pins and needles in little finger

Answer 20

C8

Question 21

numbness up to level of umbilicus and no movement of lower limbs - neural level?

Answer 21

T10 as umbilicus spared

Question 22

At which anatomical landmark does the axillary artery begin

Answer 22

Border of the 1st rib

Question 23

Which major branch of brachial plexus has been affected if wrist flexion is absent and movement to thumb is weak and loss of sensation to lateral 3 digits

Answer 23

Median nerve,