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Msk > Session 3 MSk > Flashcards

Session 3 MSk Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the patella

A

Enhances leverage of quadriceps tendon on femur, protects anterior aspect, reduces frictional forces between quadriceps and femoral condyles during extension

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2
Q

3 articulations of fibula

A

Proximal tibiofibular joint, distal tibiofibular joint, ankle joint

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3
Q

What does the common peroneal/fibular nerve wind around

A

Posterior and lateral surface of neck of fibula, vulnerable to damage in proximal damage

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4
Q

2 articulations of knee joint

A

Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral

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5
Q

Both knee joints are

A

Lined with hyaline cartilage and enclosed within a single joint cavity

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6
Q

What is the main weight bearing joint of knee

A

Tibiofemoral

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7
Q

Blood supply of the knee joint

A

Genicular branches of the femoral and popliteal arteries

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8
Q

What can genicular anastomoses do

A

Dilate to maintain blood supply if popliteal artery occluded

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9
Q

What improves stability of the knee

A

Menisci, joint capsule, ligaments and musculature

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10
Q

Functions of the menisci

A

Deepen articular surface of tibia to increase stability, shock absorber by increasing surface area

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11
Q

Menisci are attached anteriorly by the

A

Transverse ligament of the knee

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12
Q

The blood supply to the menisci is from the

A

Periphery, decreases with age and is avascular by adulthood leading to impaired healing

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13
Q

Major ligaments of knee

A

Intracapsular- Cruciate ligaments, extracapsular - collateral and patellar, strengthening - oblique popliteal ligament

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14
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament inserts

A

Medially (PM)

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15
Q

Joint capsule around the knee is deficient

A

Anteriorly

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16
Q

Deficiency in joint capsule allows

A

Suprapatellar bursa

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17
Q

Capsule strengthened posteriorly by the

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

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18
Q

What is the patella ligament

A

Continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon distal to the patella, inserts into tibial tuberosity

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19
Q

What does the medial tibial collateral ligament do

A

Resists valgus/lateral angulation of tibia on femur

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20
Q

What does the lateral fibular collateral ligament do

A

Resists varus/medial angulation of the tibia on femur

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21
Q

What will excessive lateral displacement of tibia cause

A

Medial collateral ligament to tear and then tearing of medial meniscus

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22
Q

Knee joint extension

A

Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius), inserts into tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

23
Q

Knee joint flexion

A

Hamstring (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus), assisted by gracillis, sartorius, popliteus, plantaris and gastrocnemius

24
Q

Knee joint lateral rotation (fixed flexion)

A

Biceps femoris

25
Q

Knee joint medial rotation (flexed knee)

A

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus

26
Q

What happens when knee locks

A

Cruciate ligaments tighten and lower limb becomes a solid column

27
Q

How does the knee unlock

A

Popliteus muscle laterally rotates the femur by contracting

28
Q

Most important muscles in stabilising knee

A

Quadriceps femoris, especially vastus medialis obliquus

29
Q

Factors that resist lateral patella displacement during extension

A

Deep trochlear groove and fibres of VMO, iliotibial tract

30
Q

Borders of femoral triangle

A

Superior-inguinal ligament, lateral- sartorius, medial- adductor longus, roof- fascia lata, base- pectineus, iliopsoas and adductor longus

31
Q

Contents of femoral triangle lateral to medial

A

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, empty space, lymphatics

32
Q

Surface marking of femoral artery

A

Mid inguinal point

33
Q

Femoral canal borders

A

Medial- lacunae, lateral- femoral vein, anterior - inguinal ligament, posterior - pectineal ligament

34
Q

Femoral ring is closed by

A

Femoral septum

35
Q

What is the femoral canal

A

The femoral canal occupies the most medial compartment of the femoral sheath, extending from the femoral ring above to the saphenous opening below. It contains fat, lymphatic vessels and the lymph node of Cloquet.

36
Q

Adductor canal contents

A

superficial femoral artery/vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis

37
Q

As femoral artery and vein pass through adductor canal into popliteal fossa, they become known as

A

Popliteal artery and vein

38
Q

Adductor canal border

A

Anterior - sartorius, lateral- vastus medialis, posterior - adductor longus and adductor magnus

39
Q

Femoral nerve passes through

A

Fibres of psoas major, femoral triangle

40
Q

First cutaneous branches of femoral nerve

A

Anterior cutaneous, supply anteromedial thigh

41
Q

Terminal cutaneous branch of femoral nerve

A

Saphenous nerve supplied medial side of leg and foot

42
Q

Obturator nerve pathway anterior division

A

Through psoas major, enters obturator canal, pierces fascia lata to become cutaneous branch and supply medial thigh

43
Q

Obturator nerve pathway posterior division

A

Descends through obturator externus

44
Q

External iliac artery becomes known as common femoral artery when

A

It enters femoral triangle under inguinal ligament

45
Q

Deep femoral artery in femoral triangle gives off branches

A

LFCA (anterolateral) and MFCA (posterior)

46
Q

Common femoral artery name changes

A

Superficial femoral artery after deep branch given off, enters adductor canal and adductor hiatus and becomes popliteal artery

47
Q

Medal compartment of thigh is supplied by

A

Obturator artery

48
Q

Gluteal region is supplied by

A

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries via greater sciatic foramen

49
Q

Great (long) saphenous vein is formed by

A

Dorsal venous arch of foot and dorsal vein of great toe, pierces saphenous opening of fascia lata, drains into femoral vein at saphenofemoral function

50
Q

Small short saphenous vein is formed by

A

Dorsal venous arch of foot and dorsal vein of little toe, drains into popliteal vein at saphenopopliteal junction

51
Q

Medial superficial lymphatic vessels drain into

A

inferior group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes

52
Q

Lateral superficial lymphatic vessels drain into

A

Popliteal lymph nodes

53
Q

Popliteal lymph nodes drain into

A

Deep inguinal nodes

54
Q

Deep lymphatic vessels accompany

A

Deep arteries

Msk (38 decks)

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