Session 3 MSk Flashcards
Functions of the patella
Enhances leverage of quadriceps tendon on femur, protects anterior aspect, reduces frictional forces between quadriceps and femoral condyles during extension
3 articulations of fibula
Proximal tibiofibular joint, distal tibiofibular joint, ankle joint
What does the common peroneal/fibular nerve wind around
Posterior and lateral surface of neck of fibula, vulnerable to damage in proximal damage
2 articulations of knee joint
Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral
Both knee joints are
Lined with hyaline cartilage and enclosed within a single joint cavity
What is the main weight bearing joint of knee
Tibiofemoral
Blood supply of the knee joint
Genicular branches of the femoral and popliteal arteries
What can genicular anastomoses do
Dilate to maintain blood supply if popliteal artery occluded
What improves stability of the knee
Menisci, joint capsule, ligaments and musculature
Functions of the menisci
Deepen articular surface of tibia to increase stability, shock absorber by increasing surface area
Menisci are attached anteriorly by the
Transverse ligament of the knee
The blood supply to the menisci is from the
Periphery, decreases with age and is avascular by adulthood leading to impaired healing
Major ligaments of knee
Intracapsular- Cruciate ligaments, extracapsular - collateral and patellar, strengthening - oblique popliteal ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament inserts
Medially (PM)
Joint capsule around the knee is deficient
Anteriorly
Deficiency in joint capsule allows
Suprapatellar bursa
Capsule strengthened posteriorly by the
Oblique popliteal ligament
What is the patella ligament
Continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon distal to the patella, inserts into tibial tuberosity
What does the medial tibial collateral ligament do
Resists valgus/lateral angulation of tibia on femur
What does the lateral fibular collateral ligament do
Resists varus/medial angulation of the tibia on femur
What will excessive lateral displacement of tibia cause
Medial collateral ligament to tear and then tearing of medial meniscus
Knee joint extension
Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius), inserts into tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Knee joint flexion
Hamstring (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus), assisted by gracillis, sartorius, popliteus, plantaris and gastrocnemius
Knee joint lateral rotation (fixed flexion)
Biceps femoris
Knee joint medial rotation (flexed knee)
Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus
What happens when knee locks
Cruciate ligaments tighten and lower limb becomes a solid column
How does the knee unlock
Popliteus muscle laterally rotates the femur by contracting
Most important muscles in stabilising knee
Quadriceps femoris, especially vastus medialis obliquus
Factors that resist lateral patella displacement during extension
Deep trochlear groove and fibres of VMO, iliotibial tract
Borders of femoral triangle
Superior-inguinal ligament, lateral- sartorius, medial- adductor longus, roof- fascia lata, base- pectineus, iliopsoas and adductor longus
Contents of femoral triangle lateral to medial
Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, empty space, lymphatics
Surface marking of femoral artery
Mid inguinal point
Femoral canal borders
Medial- lacunae, lateral- femoral vein, anterior - inguinal ligament, posterior - pectineal ligament
Femoral ring is closed by
Femoral septum
What is the femoral canal
The femoral canal occupies the most medial compartment of the femoral sheath, extending from the femoral ring above to the saphenous opening below. It contains fat, lymphatic vessels and the lymph node of Cloquet.
Adductor canal contents
superficial femoral artery/vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis
As femoral artery and vein pass through adductor canal into popliteal fossa, they become known as
Popliteal artery and vein
Adductor canal border
Anterior - sartorius, lateral- vastus medialis, posterior - adductor longus and adductor magnus
Femoral nerve passes through
Fibres of psoas major, femoral triangle
First cutaneous branches of femoral nerve
Anterior cutaneous, supply anteromedial thigh
Terminal cutaneous branch of femoral nerve
Saphenous nerve supplied medial side of leg and foot
Obturator nerve pathway anterior division
Through psoas major, enters obturator canal, pierces fascia lata to become cutaneous branch and supply medial thigh
Obturator nerve pathway posterior division
Descends through obturator externus
External iliac artery becomes known as common femoral artery when
It enters femoral triangle under inguinal ligament
Deep femoral artery in femoral triangle gives off branches
LFCA (anterolateral) and MFCA (posterior)
Common femoral artery name changes
Superficial femoral artery after deep branch given off, enters adductor canal and adductor hiatus and becomes popliteal artery
Medal compartment of thigh is supplied by
Obturator artery
Gluteal region is supplied by
Superior and inferior gluteal arteries via greater sciatic foramen
Great (long) saphenous vein is formed by
Dorsal venous arch of foot and dorsal vein of great toe, pierces saphenous opening of fascia lata, drains into femoral vein at saphenofemoral function
Small short saphenous vein is formed by
Dorsal venous arch of foot and dorsal vein of little toe, drains into popliteal vein at saphenopopliteal junction
Medial superficial lymphatic vessels drain into
inferior group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Lateral superficial lymphatic vessels drain into
Popliteal lymph nodes
Popliteal lymph nodes drain into
Deep inguinal nodes
Deep lymphatic vessels accompany
Deep arteries
