Session 3 MSk

Question 1

Functions of the patella

Answer 1

Enhances leverage of quadriceps tendon on femur, protects anterior aspect, reduces frictional forces between quadriceps and femoral condyles during extension

Question 2

3 articulations of fibula

Answer 2

Proximal tibiofibular joint, distal tibiofibular joint, ankle joint

Question 3

What does the common peroneal/fibular nerve wind around

Answer 3

Posterior and lateral surface of neck of fibula, vulnerable to damage in proximal damage

Question 4

2 articulations of knee joint

Answer 4

Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral

Question 5

Both knee joints are

Answer 5

Lined with hyaline cartilage and enclosed within a single joint cavity

Question 6

What is the main weight bearing joint of knee

Answer 6

Tibiofemoral

Question 7

Blood supply of the knee joint

Answer 7

Genicular branches of the femoral and popliteal arteries

Question 8

What can genicular anastomoses do

Answer 8

Dilate to maintain blood supply if popliteal artery occluded

Question 9

What improves stability of the knee

Answer 9

Menisci, joint capsule, ligaments and musculature

Question 10

Functions of the menisci

Answer 10

Deepen articular surface of tibia to increase stability, shock absorber by increasing surface area

Question 11

Menisci are attached anteriorly by the

Answer 11

Transverse ligament of the knee

Question 12

The blood supply to the menisci is from the

Answer 12

Periphery, decreases with age and is avascular by adulthood leading to impaired healing

Question 13

Major ligaments of knee

Answer 13

Intracapsular- Cruciate ligaments, extracapsular - collateral and patellar, strengthening - oblique popliteal ligament

Question 14

Posterior cruciate ligament inserts

Answer 14

Medially (PM)

Question 15

Joint capsule around the knee is deficient

Answer 15

Anteriorly

Question 16

Deficiency in joint capsule allows

Answer 16

Suprapatellar bursa

Question 17

Capsule strengthened posteriorly by the

Answer 17

Oblique popliteal ligament

Question 18

What is the patella ligament

Answer 18

Continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon distal to the patella, inserts into tibial tuberosity

Question 19

What does the medial tibial collateral ligament do

Answer 19

Resists valgus/lateral angulation of tibia on femur

Question 20

What does the lateral fibular collateral ligament do

Answer 20

Resists varus/medial angulation of the tibia on femur

Question 21

What will excessive lateral displacement of tibia cause

Answer 21

Medial collateral ligament to tear and then tearing of medial meniscus

Question 22

Knee joint extension

Answer 22

Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius), inserts into tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Question 23

Knee joint flexion

Answer 23

Hamstring (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus), assisted by gracillis, sartorius, popliteus, plantaris and gastrocnemius

Question 24

Knee joint lateral rotation (fixed flexion)

Answer 24

Biceps femoris

Question 25

Knee joint medial rotation (flexed knee)

Answer 25

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus

Question 26

What happens when knee locks

Answer 26

Cruciate ligaments tighten and lower limb becomes a solid column

Question 27

How does the knee unlock

Answer 27

Popliteus muscle laterally rotates the femur by contracting

Question 28

Most important muscles in stabilising knee

Answer 28

Quadriceps femoris, especially vastus medialis obliquus

Question 29

Factors that resist lateral patella displacement during extension

Answer 29

Deep trochlear groove and fibres of VMO, iliotibial tract

Question 30

Borders of femoral triangle

Answer 30

Superior-inguinal ligament, lateral- sartorius, medial- adductor longus, roof- fascia lata, base- pectineus, iliopsoas and adductor longus

Question 31

Contents of femoral triangle lateral to medial

Answer 31

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, empty space, lymphatics

Question 32

Surface marking of femoral artery

Answer 32

Mid inguinal point

Question 33

Femoral canal borders

Answer 33

Medial- lacunae, lateral- femoral vein, anterior - inguinal ligament, posterior - pectineal ligament

Question 34

Femoral ring is closed by

Answer 34

Femoral septum

Question 35

What is the femoral canal

Answer 35

The femoral canal occupies the most medial compartment of the femoral sheath, extending from the femoral ring above to the saphenous opening below. It contains fat, lymphatic vessels and the lymph node of Cloquet.

Question 36

Adductor canal contents

Answer 36

superficial femoral artery/vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis

Question 37

As femoral artery and vein pass through adductor canal into popliteal fossa, they become known as

Answer 37

Popliteal artery and vein

Question 38

Adductor canal border

Answer 38

Anterior - sartorius, lateral- vastus medialis, posterior - adductor longus and adductor magnus

Question 39

Femoral nerve passes through

Answer 39

Fibres of psoas major, femoral triangle

Question 40

First cutaneous branches of femoral nerve

Answer 40

Anterior cutaneous, supply anteromedial thigh

Question 41

Terminal cutaneous branch of femoral nerve

Answer 41

Saphenous nerve supplied medial side of leg and foot

Question 42

Obturator nerve pathway anterior division

Answer 42

Through psoas major, enters obturator canal, pierces fascia lata to become cutaneous branch and supply medial thigh

Question 43

Obturator nerve pathway posterior division

Answer 43

Descends through obturator externus

Question 44

External iliac artery becomes known as common femoral artery when

Answer 44

It enters femoral triangle under inguinal ligament

Question 45

Deep femoral artery in femoral triangle gives off branches

Answer 45

LFCA (anterolateral) and MFCA (posterior)

Question 46

Common femoral artery name changes

Answer 46

Superficial femoral artery after deep branch given off, enters adductor canal and adductor hiatus and becomes popliteal artery

Question 47

Medal compartment of thigh is supplied by

Answer 47

Obturator artery

Question 48

Gluteal region is supplied by

Answer 48

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries via greater sciatic foramen

Question 49

Great (long) saphenous vein is formed by

Answer 49

Dorsal venous arch of foot and dorsal vein of great toe, pierces saphenous opening of fascia lata, drains into femoral vein at saphenofemoral function

Question 50

Small short saphenous vein is formed by

Answer 50

Dorsal venous arch of foot and dorsal vein of little toe, drains into popliteal vein at saphenopopliteal junction

Question 51

Medial superficial lymphatic vessels drain into

Answer 51

inferior group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 52

Lateral superficial lymphatic vessels drain into

Answer 52

Popliteal lymph nodes

Question 53

Popliteal lymph nodes drain into

Answer 53

Deep inguinal nodes

Question 54

Deep lymphatic vessels accompany

Answer 54

Deep arteries