Brachial plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Draw brachial plexus

A
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2
Q

After their formation, roots of brachial plexus pass between

A

anterior and middle scalene muscles to enter posterior triangle of neck

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3
Q

What is superior trunk

A

C5 and C6 roots

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4
Q

What is middle trunk

A

C7 root continuation direct

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5
Q

What is inferior trunk

A

combination of C8 and T1 root

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6
Q

Axillary and radial nerves are terminal branches of posterior cord and supply

A

extensor compartments within upper limb

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7
Q

Ulnar, medina and musculocutanous nerve are formed from anterior divisions via medial and lateral cords and supply the

A

flexor compartments

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8
Q

Long thoracic nerve spinal root values

A

C5-C7

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9
Q

Medial pectoral nerve spinal root value and lateral

A

C8-T1

C5-C7

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10
Q

What is M shape

A

musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves

Superficial to axially artery

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11
Q

Mechanism of upper brachia plexus injury

A

excessive increase in angle between neck and shoulder e.g. fall or when a baby is born if shoulder dystocia
C5 and C6

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12
Q

What is waiter’s tip

A

Limb hangs by the side in internal rotation with an adducted arm and extended elbow

Injury to upper roots of brachial plexus- Erb’s palsy

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13
Q

Mechanism of injury to lower brachial plexus

A

forced hyperextension or hyperabduction
e.g. grab onto tree branch or baby’s arm delivered first
Klumpke’s palsy
C8 and T1

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14
Q

What is claw hand

A

hyperextension of all metacarpophalangeal joints (not just ring and little finger seen in ulnar nerve injury)
Flexion of interphalangeal joints and abduction of the thumb and wasting of interossei

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15
Q

Which nerve passes anterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

A

Median

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16
Q

Which nerve innervates pectoralis minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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17
Q

Which nerve provides the sensory innervation to the radial side of the forearm

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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18
Q

Which nerve passes posteriorly to medial epicondyle of humerus

A

Ulnar

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19
Q

Which nerve is responsible for wrist flexion

A

Median nerve- innervates anterior forearm

20
Q

Which nerve provides the motor innervation to the posterior arm

A

Radial nerve

21
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the regimental badge

22
Q

Which nerve innervates teres minor

A

Axillary nerve

23
Q

Which nerve passes down lateral side of upper arm between bicep brachii and brachialis muscles

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

24
Q

Which nerve enters the hand via Guyon’s canal

A

Ulnar nerve

25
Which muscle without innervation is responsible for the pathology of winged scapula
Serratus anterior muscle
26
What does the Latissmus dorsi do
Extend, adduct and medially rotate the humerus at the shoulder
27
Point of origin for the Supraspinatus muscle
Supraspinous fossa
28
What is innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve
Pec major
29
What does trapezius muscle do
Abduct the shoulder
30
Attachments of the trapezius muscle
Skull, T2 spinous process and clavicle
31
Extrinsic shoulder muscles
Trapezius, rhomboid major, latissimus dorsi
32
Which muscle is mainly responsible for shoulder abduction from 0-15 degrees
Supraspinatous
33
Muscles of rotator cuff
Supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor and subscapularis SITS
34
Which nerve innervates deltoid muscle
Axillary nerve
35
Which muscle may undergo atrophy in long standing axillary nerve palsy
Deltoid
36
Which vessel accompanies the axillary nerve as it passes through the quadrangular space
Posterior circumflex humoral artery and vein
37
Which structure forms the inferior border of the quadrangular space
Teres major
38
A patient with stab wound to axilla- which branch of musculocutaneous nerve affected
Lateral cutaneous nerve or forearm - innervates skin of anterolateral aspect of forearm muscle
39
Which muscle is least likely to undergo atrophy in chronic carpal tunnel syndrome
Flexor pollicis longus (located on anterior forearm, receives innervation before the median nerve passes through the carpel tunnel)
40
Pronator quadratus is innervated by
Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
41
Deformity when median nerve is damaged at elbow
hand of benediction d
42
Which injury is most likely to result in wrist drop
Humoral shaft fracture - radial nerve tightly bound in spiral groove of humerus
43
How many sensory branches does the radial nerve give rise to
4
44
Damage with superficial branch of radial nerve
Purely sensory
45
What is flexor digitorum profundus medial half innervated by
Ulnar nerve
46
Which area does the ulnar nerve provide cutaneous innervation to
Medial one and a half fingers