Session 4 MSK Flashcards
The trochlear of the talus (ankle bone) articulates with the
Tibia and fibula
The head of the talus articulates with the
Navicular bone
the calcaneus (heel bone) articulates with the
Talus superiorly and cuboid anteriorly
the ankle joint is what type of joint and permits what
Hinge type synovial joint which permits dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
The talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint permits
Inversion and eversion of the foot
The tarsometatarsal joints permit
gliding and sliding movement
The metatarsophalangeal joints permit
Flexion, extension, some ad/ab suction, and circumduction
The inter phalangeal joints permit
Flexion and extension
What are the 3 articulations of the talus
Ankle joint, subtalar joint, talonavicular joint
What is the risk in talus fracture and why
Avascular necrosis - lack of muscle attachments and retrograde blood supply (arteries enter bone at distal end)
What takes the full weight of the body when the heel contacts the ground
Calcaneus (protrudes posteriorly)
what does the Achilles’ tendon attach to
Calcaneal tuberosity
What’s the name of the Joint between the metatarsal bases and tarsal bones
Tarsometatarsal joints
What is the name of the joints between the metatarsals and the adjacent metatarsals
Intermetatarsal joints
What are the joints between the metatarsal head and proximal phalanx called
Metatarsophalangeal joints
Tibia and fibula are bound together by .. at the ..
Tibiofibular ligaments at the distal tibiofibular joint
The only movements that take place at the ankle joint are
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
Plantarflexion of the ankle is produced by the
Muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg (gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and tibialis posterior)
Dorsiflexion of the ankle is produced by the muscles in the
Anterior compartment of the leg (tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and peroneas tertius)
Range of dorsiflexion is limited by
Passive resistance in the muscles of the posterior compartment
Ankle joint is reinforced by
Lateral and medial ligaments
3 parts of the lateral ligament of the ankle joint
Anterior and posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament
What do the 3 lateral ligaments of the ankle joint do
Resist inversion of the foot
What does the medial/deltoid ligament of the ankle joint do
Resist excessive eversion of the foot
Inversion and eversion of the foot occur at
Subtalar, calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular joints (NOT ANKLE)
What are the main weight bearing bones during standing
Heel and heads of metatarsals
What are the arches maintained by
Shape of interlocking bones, ligaments of foot, intrinsic muscles of foot and pull of long tendons of intrinsic muscles
Which arch is most important clinically
Medial longitudinal
What maintains the integrity of the medial longitudinal arch
the plantar aponeurosis and the spring ligament, tibialis anterior and peroneus
4 muscles in anterior compartment of leg
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus and peroneus tertius
What do the 4 muscles in the anterior part of the leg do
Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot at ankle joint
What do the extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus do in addition to dorsiflexion and inversion
Extend the toes
Muscles in the anterior compartment are innervated and supplied by the
Deep peroneal (fibular nerve) L4-5, and the blood supply is via the anterior tibial artery
Two muscles in lateral compartment of leg
Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
What do the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg do
Plantarflexion and invert
What are muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg innervated by
Tibial nerve - terminal branch of sciatic nerve
What do all the muscles of the superior posterior compartment insert into
Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
4 muscles of deep posterior compartment and roles
Popliteus- knee joint only
tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus - act on foot and ankle
Contents of tarsal tunnel
Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus tendon Posterior tibial artery Posterior tibial vein tibial nerve flexor hallucis longus
Tom dick and very nervous harry
contents of popliteal fossa
Common peroneal nerve, tibial nerve, popliteal vein and artery, medial sural cutaneous nerve, short saphenous vein (drains into popliteal vein)
4 borders of popliteal fossa
Semimembranosus, biceps femoris, medial head of gastrocnemius, lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris
Floor of popliteal fossa
Popliteal surface of femur
Roof of popliteal fossa
Popliteal fascia and skin
Location of tarsal tunnel
Posterior to medial malleolus of ankle
PED and TIP
Common Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes (injury = foot drop)
Tibial inverts and plantar flexes (injury = can’t walk on tip toes)
