Nerve Injuries In The Uppe Limb r

Question 1

What is spinal cord injury

Answer 1

Myelopathy

Question 2

What is spinal nerve root injury

Answer 2

Radiculopathy

Question 3

What is peripheral nerve injury

Answer 3

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 4

Nerves can be damaged by

Answer 4

Stretch
Compression
Laceration
Toxins

Question 5

What is seddon classification 1

Answer 5

Neuropraxia
Axon in tact
Epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium in tact

Question 6

What is seddon classification 2

Answer 6

Axonotmesis
Axons not in tact
Epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium in tact

Question 7

What is seddon classification 3

Answer 7

Neurotmesis
Axon not in tact
Epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium not in tact

Question 8

Parts of brachial plexus

Answer 8

Roots trunks divisions cords branches

Question 9

What parts of brachial plexus can be damaged in clavicular fractures

Answer 9

Trunks and divisions

Question 10

What parts of brachial plexus can be damaged in trauma to axilla

Answer 10

Divisions and cords

Question 11

How can musculocutaneous nerve be damaged

Answer 11

Uncommon
Trauma to axilla
Iatrogenic

Question 12

Sensory region of musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 12

Lateral forearm

Question 13

Musculocutaneous nerve motor function

Answer 13

Anterior compartment of arm BBC

Arm and elbow flexion, supination

Question 14

If musculocutaneous nerve damaged motor impact

Answer 14

Arm flexion, elbow flexion and supination weak but not absent

Question 15

How can you damage axillary nerve

Answer 15

Surgical neck of humerus fracture
Anterior shoulder dislocation
Compression of quadrangular space
Upper brachial plexus injury C5-C6

Question 16

Axillary nerve sensory function

Answer 16

Regimental badge

Upper lateral cutaneous nerve

Question 17

Axillary nerve motor function

Answer 17

Shoulder flexion, extension and abduction 15-90 degrees

External rotation

Question 18

Consequences if axillary nerve damaged

Answer 18

Abduction absent between 15-90 degrees

Shoulder flexion, external rotation and extension wekeaned not absent

Question 19

How can radial nerve be damaged

Answer 19

Mid-shaft humeral fracture

Radial groove

Question 20

Radial nerve sensory function

Answer 20

Posterior arm and forearm

1st webbed space

Question 21

Radial nerve motor function

Answer 21

Posterior compartment

Elbow extension
Wrist and finger extension
Supination
Radial abduction

Question 22

Consequence if radial nerve damaged

Answer 22

Injury at humerus = wrist drop

Elbow extension in tact

Question 23

How can median nerve be damaged

Answer 23

High injury at elbow- supracondylar fractures

Low injury at wrist- carpal tunnel syndrome or wrist laceration

Question 24

Median nerve sensory function

Answer 24

Lateral 3.5 digits

Palmar cutaneous branch

Question 25

Median nerve motor function

Answer 25

Thenar muscles | LOAF

Question 26

If median nerve damaged at high lesion

Answer 26

High lesion- complete sensory loss in all regions of median nerve territory Hand of benediction - loss of function of anterior forearm and thenar muscles

Question 27

If median nerve damaged at low lesion

Answer 27

Complete sensory loss in all regions of median nerve territory except palmar cutaneous branch Thenar muscle wasting Forearm flexors unaffected

Question 28

How can ulnar nerve be damaged

Answer 28

High injury- at elbow medial epicondyle or in cubital tunnel Low injury- at wrist, Guyon’s canal, wrist laceration Low brachial plexus injury C8-T1

Question 29

Ulnar nerve sensory function

Answer 29

Medial 1.5 digits Palmar branch

Question 30

Ulnar nerve motor function

Answer 30

Anterior forearm- flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum profundus medial half Intrinsic hand muscles- Interossei, lumbricals 3 and 4, Hypothenar eminence, adductor pollicis

Question 31

Ulnar nerve damage low injury

Answer 31

Loss of sensation in anterior 1.5 fingers Intrinsic hand muscles only Ulnar claw at rest Hyperextension of MCPs, flexion of PIP and DIP (FDS and FDP)

Question 32

Ulnar nerve high injury

Answer 32

Loss of sensation in all areas of ulnar nerve territory Involvement of anterior forearm and intrinsic hand muscles Hyperextension of MCPS, flexion of PIPs not DIPS as FDP not innervated Deformity less obvious as MORE loss of function

Question 33

How can long thoracic nerve be damaged

Answer 33

Iatrogenic Traction injury Upper brachial plexus injury

Question 34

Motor function of long thoracic nerve

Answer 34

Serratus anterior- protraction of scapula

Question 35

If long thoracic nerve damaged

Answer 35

Winged scapula