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Msk > Nerve Injuries In The Uppe Limb r > Flashcards

Nerve Injuries In The Uppe Limb r Flashcards

1
Q

What is spinal cord injury

A

Myelopathy

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2
Q

What is spinal nerve root injury

A

Radiculopathy

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3
Q

What is peripheral nerve injury

A

Peripheral neuropathy

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4
Q

Nerves can be damaged by

A

Stretch
Compression
Laceration
Toxins

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5
Q

What is seddon classification 1

A

Neuropraxia
Axon in tact
Epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium in tact

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6
Q

What is seddon classification 2

A

Axonotmesis
Axons not in tact
Epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium in tact

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7
Q

What is seddon classification 3

A

Neurotmesis
Axon not in tact
Epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium not in tact

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8
Q

Parts of brachial plexus

A

Roots trunks divisions cords branches

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9
Q

What parts of brachial plexus can be damaged in clavicular fractures

A

Trunks and divisions

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10
Q

What parts of brachial plexus can be damaged in trauma to axilla

A

Divisions and cords

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11
Q

How can musculocutaneous nerve be damaged

A

Uncommon
Trauma to axilla
Iatrogenic

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12
Q

Sensory region of musculocutaneous nerve

A

Lateral forearm

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13
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve motor function

A

Anterior compartment of arm BBC

Arm and elbow flexion, supination

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14
Q

If musculocutaneous nerve damaged motor impact

A

Arm flexion, elbow flexion and supination weak but not absent

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15
Q

How can you damage axillary nerve

A

Surgical neck of humerus fracture
Anterior shoulder dislocation
Compression of quadrangular space
Upper brachial plexus injury C5-C6

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16
Q

Axillary nerve sensory function

A

Regimental badge

Upper lateral cutaneous nerve

17
Q

Axillary nerve motor function

A

Shoulder flexion, extension and abduction 15-90 degrees

External rotation

18
Q

Consequences if axillary nerve damaged

A

Abduction absent between 15-90 degrees

Shoulder flexion, external rotation and extension wekeaned not absent

19
Q

How can radial nerve be damaged

A

Mid-shaft humeral fracture

Radial groove

20
Q

Radial nerve sensory function

A

Posterior arm and forearm

1st webbed space

21
Q

Radial nerve motor function

A

Posterior compartment

Elbow extension
Wrist and finger extension
Supination
Radial abduction

22
Q

Consequence if radial nerve damaged

A

Injury at humerus = wrist drop

Elbow extension in tact

23
Q

How can median nerve be damaged

A

High injury at elbow- supracondylar fractures

Low injury at wrist- carpal tunnel syndrome or wrist laceration

24
Q

Median nerve sensory function

A

Lateral 3.5 digits

Palmar cutaneous branch

25
Q

Median nerve motor function

A

Thenar muscles

LOAF

26
Q

If median nerve damaged at high lesion

A

High lesion- complete sensory loss in all regions of median nerve territory

Hand of benediction - loss of function of anterior forearm and thenar muscles

27
Q

If median nerve damaged at low lesion

A

Complete sensory loss in all regions of median nerve territory except palmar cutaneous branch

Thenar muscle wasting

Forearm flexors unaffected

28
Q

How can ulnar nerve be damaged

A

High injury- at elbow medial epicondyle or in cubital tunnel

Low injury- at wrist, Guyon’s canal, wrist laceration

Low brachial plexus injury C8-T1

29
Q

Ulnar nerve sensory function

A

Medial 1.5 digits

Palmar branch

30
Q

Ulnar nerve motor function

A

Anterior forearm- flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum profundus medial half

Intrinsic hand muscles- Interossei, lumbricals 3 and 4, Hypothenar eminence, adductor pollicis

31
Q

Ulnar nerve damage low injury

A

Loss of sensation in anterior 1.5 fingers
Intrinsic hand muscles only
Ulnar claw at rest
Hyperextension of MCPs, flexion of PIP and DIP (FDS and FDP)

32
Q

Ulnar nerve high injury

A

Loss of sensation in all areas of ulnar nerve territory

Involvement of anterior forearm and intrinsic hand muscles

Hyperextension of MCPS, flexion of PIPs not DIPS as FDP not innervated

Deformity less obvious as MORE loss of function

33
Q

How can long thoracic nerve be damaged

A

Iatrogenic
Traction injury
Upper brachial plexus injury

34
Q

Motor function of long thoracic nerve

A

Serratus anterior- protraction of scapula

35
Q

If long thoracic nerve damaged

A

Winged scapula

Msk (38 decks)

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