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Msk > Session 7 Cervical and thoracic spine > Flashcards

Session 7 Cervical and thoracic spine Flashcards

1
Q

which are the atypical vertebrae

A

C1, C2 and C7

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2
Q

Key characteristics of typical cervical vertebrae

A

Triangular vertebral foramen
Bifid spinous process (except 7)
Transverse foramen
Articular facets

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3
Q

Different orientation of facet joints

A

Cervical - 45 degree to axial plane
Thoracic- 60
Lumbar- 90

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4
Q

Key features of C1

A

Atlas
Widest cervical vertebra
No vertebral body or spinous process
Vertebral arches are thick and strong

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5
Q

Site of attachment of anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Anterior arch of C1 Atlas

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6
Q

Articulation of facets on C1

A

Superior- occipital condyles of skull

Inferior- superior articular facets of C2

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7
Q

What does the atlanto-occipital joint do

A

permit nodding and contribute to 50% of ROM for flexion and extension of head and neck

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8
Q

What does the Atlanto-axial joint do

A

Permit 50% of total rotation of head and neck (atlas and axis)

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9
Q

What is C2

A

Axis, provides pivot for atlas to rotate
Strongest cervical vertebra
Large spinous process

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10
Q

What is the odontoid process

A

Dens- projects vertically upwards from body of axis
Vestigial remnant of body of C1
Held in place by transverse ligament and acts as pivot joint

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11
Q

What prevents horizontal displacement of atlas on axis

A

odontoid process and transverse ligament

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12
Q

What is atlantoaxial instability

A

excessive movement between C1 and C2

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13
Q

What is the vertebra prominens

A

C7 -longest spinous process, not bifid

Large transverse process but transverse foramen in small and only transmits the accessory vertebral veins

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14
Q

Where in the cervical region is the groove for the spinal nerve

A

superior aspect of vertebral pedicle and between tubercles of transverse process

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15
Q

Spinal nerve passes posterior to the

A

vertebral artery (ascends through transverse foramen in C1-C6 together with vertebral vein and sympathetic plexus)

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16
Q

In lumbar spine, the exiting nerve crosses the

A

lateral aspect of the intervertebral disc

17
Q

In lumbar spine, the spinal nerve exits through the

A

superior part of the intervertebral foramen

18
Q

Where does each spinal nerve exit in cervical spine

A

Above its respectively named vertebral body (except C7/T1 where C8 exits above T1)

19
Q

Important point in cervical spine disc prolapse

A

No traversing nerve root so exiting nerve root is compressed by the disc

20
Q

What is ligamentum nuchae

A

thickening of supraspinous ligament

From occipital protuberance to spinous process of C7

21
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubule of the atlas and the spinous process of all 7 cervical vertebrae

A

Fibrous lamina

22
Q

Roles of ligamentum nuchae

A

Maintain secondary curvature of cervical spine
Assist it to support weight of head
Continuity with suprasinous ligament of thoracic and lumbar spine, major site of attachment of muscles in neck and trunk

23
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament runs from

A

body of axis to sacral canal

24
Q

Main clinical relevance of posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Intervertebral disc prolapse tends to occur lateral to it

25
Q

Cervical spine permits

A

45 degrees of lateral flexion at facet joints

26
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

27
Q

Key characteristics of thoracic vertebrae

A

Heart shaped vertebral bodies
Small circular vertebral foramen
Prominent transverse processes with costal facets for articulation with ribs (not t11 and 12)
Demi facets or whole facets for articulation with head of ribs
Long spinous processes angulated inferiorly
Articular facets

28
Q

Why does the thoracic spine have limited flexibility

A

Rib cage is connected to each segment

29
Q

Ribs connected to T11 and 12 provide

A

protection for kidneys

30
Q

Ribcage is made up of

A

Ribs, costal cartilage, sternum

31
Q

What extra facets are in the thoracic spine

A

costal facets (articulate with heads of ribs)

32
Q

What is atypical about T1

A

Superior costal facet is not a demi facet, only vertebra to articulate with 1st rib

33
Q

what is atypical about T9 and T10

A

Whole costal facets articulate with 9th and 10th rib respectively

34
Q

what is different about T11 and T12

A

Whole Costal facets are located on the pedicles

35
Q

What happens to spinous processes down thoracic spine

A

less oblique and shorter

36
Q

Where do the superior and inferior demi facets articulate with

A

head of rib adjacent and below

37
Q

Facet joints permit

A

lateral flexion and rotation

38
Q

Key characteristics of lumbar vertebra

A 
large kidney shaped vertebral body 
Triangular shaped vertebral canal 
Large blunt transverse processes 
Short blunt spinous processes 
Facet joints 90 degrees to axial plane (permit a large range of flexion and extension)

Msk (38 decks)

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