bbquiz review Flashcards
medial epicondyle fracture vs mid shaft vs surgical neck
medial epicondyle = ulna
mid shaft = radial
surgical neck = axillary
nerve injury
supracondylar ridge of humerus fracture can affect which nerve
mostly median but sometimes ulna
features of T1
its pair of superior costal facets are whole facets, which articulate with the first rib, whereas, as both the T1 and T2 vertebrae articulate with the second rib, the inferior costal facets of the T1 vertebra are demi-facets.
features of disc herniation
Stage 1 is disc degeneration, which refers to chemical changes associated with aging which causes the disc to dehydrate and bulge. Stage 2 is prolapse, which refers to the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus within the annulus fibrosus, leading to slight impingement of the spinal canal. Stage 3 is extrusion, where the nucleus polyposis breaks through the annulus fibrosus but is still contained within the disc space. The final stage is sequestration, where the nucleus pulposus separates from the main body of the disc and enters the spinal canal.
how many pairs of spinal nerves
31
A weightlifter does a series of biceps curls.
Biceps curl
At what stage does the biceps brachii muscle undergo eccentric contraction when performing this movement?
When returning the elbow from the flexed position to the extended position
CORRECT – This movement will lead to the lengthening of the biceps brachii, the fibres within the muscle are still contracting to control the rate at which the dumbbell is lowered, but the muscle is lengthening. Therefore this is an example of eccentric contraction.
A 23 year old male involved in a motorbike accident is admitted to the accident and emergency department. The doctor believes the man may have sustained a brachial plexus lesion and assesses motor and sensory function in the man’s right arm.
Which divisions contribute to the medial cord of this plexus?
axonal growth
1-3 mm per day
Grey rami communicantes exist at every level of the vertebral column
What is the role of these communicating branches?
to connect a spinal nerve to the sympathetic nervous system
At what site do pathogens usually enter the spine?
blood supply to vertebral body
Which of these nodes receive the majority of lymph vessels from the upper limb?
lateral group
long thoracic and thoracodorsal difference
long thoracic - serrates anterior
thoracodorsal - latissimus dorsi
A 21 year old man is involved in a cycling accident that leads to him fracturing his right femur at the level of the distal epiphysis.
What is the blood supply to this region of long bones in adults?
Epiphyseal artery and metaphyseal arteries
in which part of the bone is red marrow replaced with yellow
The medullary cavity is located within the long bone and is lined with endosteum. It is the location of red marrow in children and yellow marrow in adults.
