Sensory Processing and Perception (5/12)

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

When a real, physical object’s information is detected by out body (objective)

Question 2

Perceptions

Answer 2

Our brain’s personal experience of sensory information (subjective)

Question 3

Sensory receptors

Answer 3

Specialized dendrites of sensory neurons that respond to various kinds of physical stimuli. They generate action potentials that are sent to the central nervous system and are bundled together into ganglia

Question 4

Sensory receptors do 4 types of communication

Answer 4

location
modality
intensity
duration

Question 5

Olfactory receptors

Answer 5

Sense of smell and respond to chemical stimuli - air

Question 6

Gustatory receptors

Answer 6

Sense of tase and respond to chemical stimuli - saliva

Question 7

Photoreceptors

Answer 7

responsible for vision and responds to specific wavelengths of light

Question 8

Hair cells

Answer 8

responsible for hearing and convert pressure signals from sound waves into action potentials

Question 9

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 9

respond to mechanical stimuli

Question 10

Tactile corpuscles

Answer 10

detect light touch

Question 11

Merkel nerve endings

Answer 11

respond to sustained pressure

Question 12

Ruffini endings

Answer 12

sense deep pressure beneath the surface of the skin

Question 13

Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 13

respond to high-frequency vibrations

Question 14

Thermoreceptors

Answer 14

detect variation in temperature

Question 15

Nociceptors

Answer 15

detect pain, mechanical stimuli, thermal, or chemical

Question 16

Baroreceptors

Answer 16

detect pressure inside the body like walls of blood vessels

Question 17

Osmoreceptors

Answer 17

tigger responses when blood becomes too dilute or too concentrated

Question 18

Proprioceptors

Answer 18

Found in muscle, tendons and joints

kinesthetic sense

Question 19

Absolute threshold

Answer 19

The level of intensity that a stimulus must have in order to be picked up by sensory neurons

Question 20

Threshold of conscious perceptions

Answer 20

the threshold that a stimulus must cross in order to consciously perceive it

Question 21

Just-noticeable difference

Answer 21

The smallest change in magnitude of a stimulus that we can perceive as being different - difference threshold

Question 22

Weber’s law

Answer 22

for any given sensory input, the JND will be a constant proportion on the original input
-does not work for extremes

Question 23

Signal detection theory

Answer 23

Detecting something that is actually present= Hit
Not detecting something that is actually present= Miss
Detecting something that is not actually present= False Alarm
Not detecting something that is not actually present= Correct Rejection

Question 24

Depth

Answer 24

ability to perceive a third spatial dimension

Question 25

Gestalt principles of grouping: Principle of proximity

Answer 25

we perceive objects or shapes that are close to each other as forming groups

Question 26

Gestalt principles of grouping: Principle of similarity

Answer 26

Objects that are similar in some way will be perceived as belonging to a group

Question 27

Gestalt principles of grouping: Principle of good continuation

Answer 27

If multiple objects intersect or overlap, we tend to perceive them as relatively few uninterrupted objects

Question 28

Gestalt principles of grouping

Answer 28

do not apply in isolation

context plays an important role

Question 29

Gestalt principles of grouping: principle of closure

Answer 29

we infer the presence of complete shapes even when they are incomplete

Question 30

Gestalt principles of grouping: principle of symmetry

Answer 30

symmetrical objects are more likely to be perceived as part of a whole than asymmetrical objects