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Phyc/Soc > Cognition > Flashcards

Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Came up with stages that children go through to adults

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2
Q

Stage 1

A

Sensorimotor stage: from birth to about 2 years old. Interact with the world through processing sensory input and by engaging in motor activities. Development of object permeance (things don’t go away when you stop seeing them). Stranger anxiety

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3
Q

Stages 2-4

A 
Preoperational stage (age 2-7yr)
Concrete operational (age 7-11yr)
Formal operational stage (11+)
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4
Q

Pre-operational stage (stage 2)

A

Represent objects symbolically with words or images .

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5
Q

Egocentrism

A

Difficulty imagining the world from the perspective of others

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6
Q

Centration

A

tendency to focus on a single property/parameter

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7
Q

Concrete operational stage (stage 3)

A

Develop and understand conservation, loss of egocentrism, develop logical reasoning skills

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8
Q

Formal operational stage (stage 4)

A

Abstract logic, can handle hypotheticals, reason abstractly, and make nuanced moral judgements

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9
Q

Schema

A

EX) cows have black and white splotches and that they produce milk. If you came across a creature with brown instead of black, and with same function, you may conclude…
either cows have other colors (accommodation), or it is not a cow (assimilation)

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10
Q

Fluid-intelligence

A

Problem-solving skills that can be applied to new situations without any reliance on previously existing knowledge

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11
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

The ability to deploy one’s knowledge and skills to solve problems

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12
Q

Dementia

A

cognitive decline and memory impairments interfere with a person’s ability to function in the world

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13
Q

Trial and error

A

We try different options and see what works. lack of conceptual understanding. used when we have time and resources

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14
Q

Algorithm

A

involved applying a fixed set of steps. designed with preparation and insight, application requires no conceptual understanding of the problem

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15
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

top-down in nature, applying general principles to a specific situation

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16
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Bottom up. successive observations are extrapolated to identify general principles

17
Q

Analogy

A

used to solve a problem similar to one we’ve seen before

18
Q

Intuition

A

gut sense of how to solve a problem. corresponds to analogies that we aren’t consciously aware of

19
Q

Metal set

A

the framework that we use for conceptualizing a problem and trying to solve it

20
Q

fixation

A

getting stuck in existing ways of thinking about things

21
Q

Functional fixedness

A

tendency to see objects as only having a certain function

22
Q

Belief perseverance

A

maintaining or strengthening beliefs in the face of contradictory evidence

23
Q

Cognitive bias

A

systematic, generally subconscious patterns of thought that skew reasoning

24
Q

Hindsight bias

A

events seem more predictable and obvious

25
Q

Causation bias

A

thinking that events closely related in time share a causal link. mistakes correlation for causation

26
Q

Heuristics

A

problem-solving methods and mental shortcuts. quick answers even from incomplete information

27
Q

Representativeness heuristics

A

making decisions based on prototypical examples. usually used when estimating probability in everyday life

28
Q

What is intelligence?

A

the ability to detect patterns, process and store information, understand ideas, solve problems

29
Q

General intelligence (g factor)

A

underlying capacity that drives performance in many fields. about 50% inheritability

30
Q

Eugenics

A

embraced selective breeding, endorsed racist ideas, provided framework for unethical practices

31
Q

IQ scale

A

estimate of a child’s mental age relative to their chronological age

32
Q

Flynn effect of IQ

A

describes how IQ score increased in developed countries throughout the 20th century

33
Q

The different multiple intelligences

A

musical, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal

33
Q

The different multiple intelligences

A

musical, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal

34
Q

Which of the 7 intelligences are g-factor or general intelligence?

A

visual, verbal, logical

35
Q

What is the later added 8th form of intelligence?

A

naturalistic intelligence

Phyc/Soc (24 decks)

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