Personality (5/11)

Question 1

1) Trust vs. mistrust

Answer 1

ages 0-1

Question 2

2) autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Answer 2

ages 2-3
children begin to explore the world.
autonomy- they can if raised well

Question 3

3) initiative vs. guilt

Answer 3

ages 3-6

a child is engaging in goal oriented task. if it goes well, they will gain initiative

Question 4

4) industry vs. inferiority

Answer 4

ages 6-12

children given various tasks and resolving tasks give gratification. failing makes them view themselves as incapable

Question 5

5) identity vs. role confusion

Answer 5

ages 12-20

coming to terms with who we are on a deep level. need a stable authentic sense of oneself.

Question 6

6) intimacy vs. isolation

Answer 6

ages 20-39

how we form relationships with groups, partner

Question 7

7) generativity vs. stagnation

Answer 7

ages 40-65
making contributions to society
success= participating in society

Question 8

8) integrity vs. despair

Answer 8

ages 65+

whether a person feels their life made sense and was worth wild

Question 9

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 9

how people reason about moral choices provides information about how they view themselves

Question 10

Preconventional 1

Answer 10

obedience: a self-oriented perspective that focuses on the negative consequences for disobeying a rule

Question 11

Preconventional 2

Answer 11

self-interest: a self-oriented perspective focused on achieving benefits or rewards

Question 12

Conventional 1

Answer 12

conformity: concerned with the approval of others based on social expectations

Question 13

Conventional 2

Answer 13

Law and order: the understanding that social expectations and rules help ensure a stable society as a whole

Question 14

Post-conventional 1

Answer 14

Social contract: laws are seen as ways to reinforce the greater good through a complex network of interrelated rights and responsibilities

Question 15

Post-conventional 2

Answer 15

Universal human ethics: individuals can make abstract ethical judgements and engage in reasoning based on justice

Question 16

Freudian psychology

Answer 16

Id, ego, and superego

Question 17

Id

Answer 17

a bundle of basic, unconscious urges

• survival, reproduction, immediate gratification
• the pleasure principle

Question 18

Eros

Answer 18

life-affirming desires

Question 19

Thanatos

Answer 19

death-affirming desires

Question 20

Ego

Answer 20

the component of our personality that interacts with the world and makes decisions
-the reality principle

Question 21

Superego

Answer 21

focuses on what we are supposed to do and the ideal version of ourselves
-drives us to perfection

Question 22

Coping mechanism

Answer 22

regression
reactions formation
displacement
sublimation
projection
rationalization
repression 
suppression

Question 23

Regression

Answer 23

returning to an earlier developmental stage

Question 24

Reaction formaiton

Answer 24

an unconscious transmutation of unacceptable desires into their opposite

Question 25

Displacement

Answer 25

transferring a desire from an unacceptable object to a more acceptable one

Question 26

Sublimation

Answer 26

the redirection of desires that are felt to be unacceptable or inappropriate into another behavior

Question 27

Projection

Answer 27

an individual attributes unwanted or uncomfortable feelings or behavior to someone else

Question 28

Rationalization

Answer 28

coming up with excuses for feelings or behaviors that we consider problematic

Question 29

Suppression

Answer 29

conscious attempts to disregard uncomfortable feelings

Question 30

Repression

Answer 30

unconscious suppression of uncomfortable feelings

Question 31

The psychosexual perspective

Answer 31

the human libido persists throughout life | children develop through five stages, centered around different body parts

Question 32

The five stages, centered around different body parts

Answer 32

oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

Question 33

Oral stage

Answer 33

age 0-1 | -fixation leads to immature passive personality and oral-based ticks

Question 34

Anal stage

Answer 34

ages 1-3 children learn about expressing their bowels -frustration or fixation can lead to analretentive (order) personality or anal-expulsive personality (reckless)

Question 35

Phallic stage

Answer 35

Ages 3-6 learn about gender role boys experience the Oedipus complex and girls experience the Electra complex

Question 36

Latency stage

Answer 36

Ages 6-puberty | lack of sexual fulfillment

Question 37

Genital stage

Answer 37

Puberty to death | difficulty engaging in sex

Question 38

Carl Jung

Answer 38

Jung said humans can access a collective unconscious that contains various archetypes like persona, shadow, and anima

Question 39

Behviorism

Answer 39

BF Skinner - observed behavior and learning comprise the sole reliable sources of knowledge about humans - everything boils down to reflexes or conditioned learning

Question 40

Humanistic psychology

Answer 40

Emphasizes the importance of empathy as a therapeutic technique unconditional positive regard (Carl Rogers) -interested in self-actualization -leads to Maslows hierarchy of needs

Question 41

Trait theories

Answer 41

Reduces personalities into a limited set of traits that combine in different ways

Question 42

Big five theory

Answer 42

``` Openness conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness neuroticism- the degree to which a person experiences intense emotion in stressful situations ```

Question 43

PEN model

Answer 43

Psychoticism extroversion neuroticism

Question 44

Type theories

Answer 44

Astrology type A and B Myers-Briggs type inventory

Question 45

Myers-Briggs type inventory

Answer 45

introversion vs. extroversion intuition vs. sensing thinking vs. feeling judging vs. perceiving

Question 46

Social cognitive perspective

Answer 46

reciprocal determinism- our behaviors, choices, and personalities influence each other

Question 47

Biological perspective

Answer 47

focuses on genetic factors

Question 48

researchers

Answer 48

George Herbert Mead- symbolic interaction (I and Me) | Lev Vygotsky- the more knowledgeable other