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Phyc/Soc > Personality (5/11) > Flashcards

Personality (5/11) Flashcards

1
Q

1) Trust vs. mistrust

A

ages 0-1

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2
Q

2) autonomy vs. shame/doubt

A

ages 2-3
children begin to explore the world.
autonomy- they can if raised well

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3
Q

3) initiative vs. guilt

A

ages 3-6

a child is engaging in goal oriented task. if it goes well, they will gain initiative

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4
Q

4) industry vs. inferiority

A

ages 6-12

children given various tasks and resolving tasks give gratification. failing makes them view themselves as incapable

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5
Q

5) identity vs. role confusion

A

ages 12-20

coming to terms with who we are on a deep level. need a stable authentic sense of oneself.

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6
Q

6) intimacy vs. isolation

A

ages 20-39

how we form relationships with groups, partner

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7
Q

7) generativity vs. stagnation

A

ages 40-65
making contributions to society
success= participating in society

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8
Q

8) integrity vs. despair

A

ages 65+

whether a person feels their life made sense and was worth wild

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9
Q

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

A

how people reason about moral choices provides information about how they view themselves

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10
Q

Preconventional 1

A

obedience: a self-oriented perspective that focuses on the negative consequences for disobeying a rule

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11
Q

Preconventional 2

A

self-interest: a self-oriented perspective focused on achieving benefits or rewards

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12
Q

Conventional 1

A

conformity: concerned with the approval of others based on social expectations

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13
Q

Conventional 2

A

Law and order: the understanding that social expectations and rules help ensure a stable society as a whole

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14
Q

Post-conventional 1

A

Social contract: laws are seen as ways to reinforce the greater good through a complex network of interrelated rights and responsibilities

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15
Q

Post-conventional 2

A

Universal human ethics: individuals can make abstract ethical judgements and engage in reasoning based on justice

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16
Q

Freudian psychology

A

Id, ego, and superego

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17
Q

Id

A

a bundle of basic, unconscious urges

  • survival, reproduction, immediate gratification
  • the pleasure principle
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18
Q

Eros

A

life-affirming desires

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19
Q

Thanatos

A

death-affirming desires

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20
Q

Ego

A

the component of our personality that interacts with the world and makes decisions
-the reality principle

21
Q

Superego

A

focuses on what we are supposed to do and the ideal version of ourselves
-drives us to perfection

22
Q

Coping mechanism

A 
regression
reactions formation
displacement
sublimation
projection
rationalization
repression 
suppression
23
Q

Regression

A

returning to an earlier developmental stage

24
Q

Reaction formaiton

A

an unconscious transmutation of unacceptable desires into their opposite

25
Q

Displacement

A

transferring a desire from an unacceptable object to a more acceptable one

26
Q

Sublimation

A

the redirection of desires that are felt to be unacceptable or inappropriate into another behavior

27
Q

Projection

A

an individual attributes unwanted or uncomfortable feelings or behavior to someone else

28
Q

Rationalization

A

coming up with excuses for feelings or behaviors that we consider problematic

29
Q

Suppression

A

conscious attempts to disregard uncomfortable feelings

30
Q

Repression

A

unconscious suppression of uncomfortable feelings

31
Q

The psychosexual perspective

A

the human libido persists throughout life

children develop through five stages, centered around different body parts

32
Q

The five stages, centered around different body parts

A

oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

33
Q

Oral stage

A

age 0-1

-fixation leads to immature passive personality and oral-based ticks

34
Q

Anal stage

A

ages 1-3
children learn about expressing their bowels
-frustration or fixation can lead to analretentive (order) personality or anal-expulsive personality (reckless)

35
Q

Phallic stage

A

Ages 3-6
learn about gender role
boys experience the Oedipus complex and girls experience the Electra complex

36
Q

Latency stage

A

Ages 6-puberty

lack of sexual fulfillment

37
Q

Genital stage

A

Puberty to death

difficulty engaging in sex

38
Q

Carl Jung

A

Jung said humans can access a collective unconscious that contains various archetypes like persona, shadow, and anima

39
Q

Behviorism

A

BF Skinner

  • observed behavior and learning comprise the sole reliable sources of knowledge about humans
  • everything boils down to reflexes or conditioned learning
40
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

Emphasizes the importance of empathy as a therapeutic technique
unconditional positive regard (Carl Rogers)
-interested in self-actualization
-leads to Maslows hierarchy of needs

41
Q

Trait theories

A

Reduces personalities into a limited set of traits that combine in different ways

42
Q

Big five theory

A 
Openness
conscientiousness
extraversion 
agreeableness 
neuroticism- the degree to which a person experiences intense emotion in stressful situations
43
Q

PEN model

A

Psychoticism
extroversion
neuroticism

44
Q

Type theories

A

Astrology
type A and B
Myers-Briggs type inventory

45
Q

Myers-Briggs type inventory

A

introversion vs. extroversion
intuition vs. sensing
thinking vs. feeling
judging vs. perceiving

46
Q

Social cognitive perspective

A

reciprocal determinism- our behaviors, choices, and personalities influence each other

47
Q

Biological perspective

A

focuses on genetic factors

48
Q

researchers

A

George Herbert Mead- symbolic interaction (I and Me)

Lev Vygotsky- the more knowledgeable other

Phyc/Soc (24 decks)

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