Attributions, Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Discrimination (5/11) Flashcards
Dispositional attribution
Behavior explained by inherent disposition or character
EX) Brandon acted that way because he is a stellar human being
Situational attribution
Behavior explained by external factors or circumstances
EX) The customer was rude because he was having an awful day
Consistency cues
cues that focus on individuals behavior over time- dispositional
Distinctiveness cues
cues that focus on individual unique behavior in similar situations
Consensus cues
Cues that focus on individuals behavior in relation to societal expectations
Actor-observer bias
attributing negative behavior as dispositional for others but situational for ones self
- more aware of our situation than another’s
- more ready to label others as negative
Fundamental attribution error
attributing negative behavior of others to their disposition rather than their situation
Self-serving bias
Attributing positive outcomes to ones disposition and negative outcomes to ones situation
Locus of control
Internal: the degree to which people believe they do have control over outcomes in their lives
External: vice versa
Halo effect
The tendency for an impression in one area influences opinion of others
EX) someone who is attractive is probably a hard worker
Just-world hypothesis
the assumption that a person’s actions inherently bring morally fair and fitting consequences
EX) if you’re a good thing, good things happen to you
Collectivistic
more likely to make situational attributions
Prejudice
Irrational attitudes, positive or negative, towards groups or objects
-emotional response
Sterotypes
contentful
cognitive- opposes prejudice
Stereotype content model
warmth- fondness to group
competence- capability of group
High warmth and low competence
paternalistic
low status but not a competitive threat (children or elderly)
High warmth and high admiration
Admiration
high status and do not pose a threat
Low warmth and low competence
Contemptuous
Low status and competitive
low warmth and high competence
Envious
high status and competitive
-groups that are elite
Discriminations
has to involve actions or outcomes
Individual discriminaiton
ways in which a single person can treat other people differently based on their group membership
Institutional discriminations
larger patterns of unequal behavior or outcomes, as mediated by entire institutions
Self-fulfilling prophecy
occurs when self-perceptions cause specific behaviors
Stereotype threat
occurs when members of a social group are or feel at risk of conforming to stereotypes of their group
Stereotype boost
occurs when members of a social group are or feel empowered by stereotypes of their group
Stigma
strong societal disapproval of groups, identities or behaviors
Ethnocentrism
evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions from one’s own culture
Cultural relativism
Belief that a person’s practices and values should be evaluated based on their culture, rather than another’s
