Consciousness

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Can vary in degree and quality. Humans are not always conscious

Question 2

Increased awareness

Answer 2

Alertness

Reticular formation and reticular activating system which is a part of the brain stem

Question 3

Decreased awareness

Answer 3

Being bored or sleeping

Question 4

Measuring sleep

Answer 4

Electroencephalography (EEG) - brain activity
EMG- muscle activity
EOG- eye activity

Question 5

Polysomnography

Answer 5

A sleep study measuring multiple physiological parameters

Question 6

Stages of sleep

Answer 6

REM sleep- quick bursts of eye movement, low muscle movement (dreaming)
NON-REM 1- theta waves, slow eye movement, light
NON-REM 2- Eye motion stops, K complexes, sleep spindles
NON-REM 3- deep sleep, “slow wave sleep”, delta waves, memory processing and where brain recovers from daily activities

Question 7

REM rebound

Answer 7

If we miss REM sleep one night, we spend more time in it next night

Question 8

Circadian rhythm

Answer 8

24 hour sleep wake cycle

Question 9

Pineal gland releases…

Answer 9

melatonin

Question 10

Melatonin

Answer 10

Leads to drowsiness

Question 11

Adrenal cortex releases…

Answer 11

cortisol

Question 12

Cortisol

Answer 12

Leads to wakefulness

Question 13

Insomina

Answer 13

Difficulty falling asleep

Question 14

Narcolepsy

Answer 14

Excessive daytime sleep, abnormal REM sleep, Catalexy

Question 15

Sleep apnea

Answer 15

Airway obstruction during sleep

Question 16

Dysnomias

Answer 16

Whether or not someone can fall asleep

Question 17

Parasomnias

Answer 17

Sleep disorders that involved abnormal behavior during sleep

Question 18

Sleepwalking

Answer 18

walking, talking, other activities while sleeping

Question 19

Night terrors

Answer 19

sleeper suddenly plunged into fight or flight response

Question 20

Dreams

Answer 20

Manifest- surface-level
Latent- underlying meaning
wish fulfillment- resolution

Question 21

Activation model

Answer 21

neurons activate during REN and synthesize experience

Question 22

Problem-solving theory

Answer 22

Dreams as a way of processing/resolving real world problems

Question 23

Cognitive theory

Answer 23

dreams are a visualization of our cognitive process

Question 24

Caffeine

Answer 24

Stimulant
Increases activity of the CNS (mild)
blocks receptors for adenosine (sleepiness)

Question 25

Addiction

Answer 25

Compulsive behavior without caring about consequences

Question 26

Dependence

Answer 26

Absence of drug causes withdrawal symptoms

Question 27

Tolerance

Answer 27

Heavy users need more of a drug for same effect

Question 28

Nicotine

Answer 28

highly addictive

stimulant

Question 29

Amphetamines (adderal)

Answer 29

stimulant, increases energy, appetite reduction

issues: modd swings

Question 30

Molly or ecstasy

Answer 30

Empathy and pleasure, appetite reduction

Question 31

Cocaine

Answer 31

blocks serotonin, dopamine, stimulant

Question 32

Depressants

Answer 32

Reduces activity in the CNS

Question 33

Alcohol

Answer 33

Depressant, GABA receptors enhancers (neurons fire less often)

Question 34

Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 34

Associated with chronic alcoholism, amnesia, lack of B1

Question 35

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines

Answer 35

increase GABA, treat anxiety, high risk of overdose

Question 36

Opioids

Answer 36

cause sedation and sleepiness, bind opioid receptors on neurons
morphine and heroin- developed from opioid

Question 37

Endorphins

Answer 37

produced in body, block pain

Question 38

Hallucinogens

Answer 38

distort perceptions, enhance sensation, promote introspection

Question 39

Marijuana

Answer 39

THC, bind with cannabinoid receptors in brain. body naturally produces endocannabinoids. fits into all categories