Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

Can vary in degree and quality. Humans are not always conscious

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2
Q

Increased awareness

A

Alertness

Reticular formation and reticular activating system which is a part of the brain stem

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3
Q

Decreased awareness

A

Being bored or sleeping

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4
Q

Measuring sleep

A

Electroencephalography (EEG) - brain activity
EMG- muscle activity
EOG- eye activity

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5
Q

Polysomnography

A

A sleep study measuring multiple physiological parameters

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6
Q

Stages of sleep

A

REM sleep- quick bursts of eye movement, low muscle movement (dreaming)
NON-REM 1- theta waves, slow eye movement, light
NON-REM 2- Eye motion stops, K complexes, sleep spindles
NON-REM 3- deep sleep, “slow wave sleep”, delta waves, memory processing and where brain recovers from daily activities

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7
Q

REM rebound

A

If we miss REM sleep one night, we spend more time in it next night

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8
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

24 hour sleep wake cycle

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9
Q

Pineal gland releases…

A

melatonin

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10
Q

Melatonin

A

Leads to drowsiness

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11
Q

Adrenal cortex releases…

A

cortisol

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12
Q

Cortisol

A

Leads to wakefulness

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13
Q

Insomina

A

Difficulty falling asleep

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14
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Excessive daytime sleep, abnormal REM sleep, Catalexy

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15
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Airway obstruction during sleep

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16
Q

Dysnomias

A

Whether or not someone can fall asleep

17
Q

Parasomnias

A

Sleep disorders that involved abnormal behavior during sleep

18
Q

Sleepwalking

A

walking, talking, other activities while sleeping

19
Q

Night terrors

A

sleeper suddenly plunged into fight or flight response

20
Q

Dreams

A

Manifest- surface-level
Latent- underlying meaning
wish fulfillment- resolution

21
Q

Activation model

A

neurons activate during REN and synthesize experience

22
Q

Problem-solving theory

A

Dreams as a way of processing/resolving real world problems

23
Q

Cognitive theory

A

dreams are a visualization of our cognitive process

24
Q

Caffeine

A

Stimulant
Increases activity of the CNS (mild)
blocks receptors for adenosine (sleepiness)

25
Addiction
Compulsive behavior without caring about consequences
26
Dependence
Absence of drug causes withdrawal symptoms
27
Tolerance
Heavy users need more of a drug for same effect
28
Nicotine
highly addictive | stimulant
29
Amphetamines (adderal)
stimulant, increases energy, appetite reduction | issues: modd swings
30
Molly or ecstasy
Empathy and pleasure, appetite reduction
31
Cocaine
blocks serotonin, dopamine, stimulant
32
Depressants
Reduces activity in the CNS
33
Alcohol
Depressant, GABA receptors enhancers (neurons fire less often)
34
Korsakoff syndrome
Associated with chronic alcoholism, amnesia, lack of B1
35
Barbiturates and benzodiazepines
increase GABA, treat anxiety, high risk of overdose
36
Opioids
cause sedation and sleepiness, bind opioid receptors on neurons morphine and heroin- developed from opioid
37
Endorphins
produced in body, block pain
38
Hallucinogens
distort perceptions, enhance sensation, promote introspection
39
Marijuana
THC, bind with cannabinoid receptors in brain. body naturally produces endocannabinoids. fits into all categories