Consciousness Flashcards
Consciousness
Can vary in degree and quality. Humans are not always conscious
Increased awareness
Alertness
Reticular formation and reticular activating system which is a part of the brain stem
Decreased awareness
Being bored or sleeping
Measuring sleep
Electroencephalography (EEG) - brain activity
EMG- muscle activity
EOG- eye activity
Polysomnography
A sleep study measuring multiple physiological parameters
Stages of sleep
REM sleep- quick bursts of eye movement, low muscle movement (dreaming)
NON-REM 1- theta waves, slow eye movement, light
NON-REM 2- Eye motion stops, K complexes, sleep spindles
NON-REM 3- deep sleep, “slow wave sleep”, delta waves, memory processing and where brain recovers from daily activities
REM rebound
If we miss REM sleep one night, we spend more time in it next night
Circadian rhythm
24 hour sleep wake cycle
Pineal gland releases…
melatonin
Melatonin
Leads to drowsiness
Adrenal cortex releases…
cortisol
Cortisol
Leads to wakefulness
Insomina
Difficulty falling asleep
Narcolepsy
Excessive daytime sleep, abnormal REM sleep, Catalexy
Sleep apnea
Airway obstruction during sleep
Dysnomias
Whether or not someone can fall asleep
Parasomnias
Sleep disorders that involved abnormal behavior during sleep
Sleepwalking
walking, talking, other activities while sleeping
Night terrors
sleeper suddenly plunged into fight or flight response
Dreams
Manifest- surface-level
Latent- underlying meaning
wish fulfillment- resolution
Activation model
neurons activate during REN and synthesize experience
Problem-solving theory
Dreams as a way of processing/resolving real world problems
Cognitive theory
dreams are a visualization of our cognitive process
Caffeine
Stimulant
Increases activity of the CNS (mild)
blocks receptors for adenosine (sleepiness)
Addiction
Compulsive behavior without caring about consequences
Dependence
Absence of drug causes withdrawal symptoms
Tolerance
Heavy users need more of a drug for same effect
Nicotine
highly addictive
stimulant
Amphetamines (adderal)
stimulant, increases energy, appetite reduction
issues: modd swings
Molly or ecstasy
Empathy and pleasure, appetite reduction
Cocaine
blocks serotonin, dopamine, stimulant
Depressants
Reduces activity in the CNS
Alcohol
Depressant, GABA receptors enhancers (neurons fire less often)
Korsakoff syndrome
Associated with chronic alcoholism, amnesia, lack of B1
Barbiturates and benzodiazepines
increase GABA, treat anxiety, high risk of overdose
Opioids
cause sedation and sleepiness, bind opioid receptors on neurons
morphine and heroin- developed from opioid
Endorphins
produced in body, block pain
Hallucinogens
distort perceptions, enhance sensation, promote introspection
Marijuana
THC, bind with cannabinoid receptors in brain. body naturally produces endocannabinoids. fits into all categories
