Memory Flashcards
Encoding type
Semantic, visual, auditory, etc
Priming
the effect of context on our ability to perceive stimuli
Negative priming
inhibits the processing of subsequent stimuli
Chunking
A complex stimulus is broken down into smaller components
Mnemonics
EX) LEO goes GER
Method of loci
Mentally mapping information onto an imagined space
Types of memory
sensory, short-term, long-term
Sensory
instantaneous, temporarily stored, and decays quickly
Long-term
Hours to years, not limited
Short-term
tens of seconds to minutes, small capacity
Working memory
the cognitive and attentional processes used in short term memory
Long-term memory subtype
semantic (explicit/declarative)- specific pieces of information (trivia night)
procedural memory (implicit) - how to do something (riding a bike)
Episodic- memory of experiences
Flashbulb memory
extremely vivid and detailed memories of important of our lives
Eidetic (photographic) memory
the ability to remember a stimulus in great detail after a relatively short exposure
Iconic memory
a highly-detailed visual image can remain in our perception after the stimulus itself is removed
Prospective memory
memories about plans for the future
Recall
Active process
Recognition
passive process, less demanding
Primacy effect
easier to remember the first terms on a list
Recency effect
easier to remember the last terms of a list
Serial position effect
the extreme ends of a list are more favorable for recall
Spacing effect
recall is more effective when the learning process is spaced out
Duel-coding effect
studying multiple modalities are more effective
State-dependent effect
a certain mood might promote the recall of memories that were encoded when you were in a similar mood
Misinformation effect
info we subsequently obtain can affect how we remember the original event
Reconstructive memory
we build memories based on our perceptions of ourselves and others, events, etc
Ebbinghaus forgetting curve
repeated rounds of learning slows down the forgetting process and consolidates more information into long-term memory
Interference
pro-active: old memories inhibit consolidation of new memories
retroactive: new memories inhibit retrieval of old memories
Amnesia
losing substantial memories of experiences, periods of time, and or information
Retrograde amnesia
the inability to remember past events
Anterograde amnesia
the inability to form new memories
Alzheimers
majority of dementia
early: forgetfulness, short-term memory loss
later: amnesia, cognitive deficits, cant think or speak
Korsaoff’s syndrome
Known for confabulation which is creating elaborate fictional stories
Biology of memory
synaptic connections
formation, strengthening, or loss
