Science unit 1 test review Flashcards
Explain quantitative and qualitative physical observations.
1) Qualitative observations (qualities)
* these are made using ___
* they are ___ but not ___
2) Quantitative observations (measurements, properties)
* these require a ___ ___ or counting
* ___, they do not depend on the person doing it observation
1) Qualitative observations (qualities)
* these are made using our senses
* they are descriptive but not very accurate
2) Quantitative observations (measurements, properties)
* these require a measuring tool or counting
* accurate, they do not depend on the person doing it observation
What are physical properties? (3)
give examples
- describe the observable properties of a substance
- do not change the substance
- Examples: size (mass, volume, density) shape, state, color, smell, texture…
Give examples of physical properties.
Malleable, ductile, electrically conductive, thermally conductive, density, melting point, viscosity, brittleness, luster, hard, insulating, magnetic, reflective, transparent, opaque, translucent, texture, powder, crystals, color
What is malleability?
material can be bend or shaped without breaking
What is ductility?
materials that can be stretched into wires
What is density?
how compact the molecules are. require mass and volume in order to calculate density.
What is boiling point + melting point + and freezing point?
boiling point - 100 degrees celsius
melting point & freezing point - 0 degrees celsuis
What are chemical properties?
* Chemical properties refer to ___ a substance is
* How a substance ___ when ___ with another
* Observations of chemical properties are impossible without a ___
* Deals with ___ or ___ structures of a substance
- Chemical properties refer to how reactive a substance is
- How a substance reacts when mixed with another
- Observations of chemical properties are impossible without a chemical change.
- Deals with atomic or molecular structures of a substance
Give 4 examples of chemical properties? FROC
- Flammability – how easily the vapour ignites
- Combustion – the product can burn
- Oxidation – reaction with oxygen to produce:
-rust on iron or steel, grey tarnish on silver, or green stuff on old copper pennies - Reactivity – how quick two substances react to create a new product
What is physical change and give examples of evidence of physical change.
In a physical change, there is no new substance made
Evidence of physical change are:
o Change of state
o Dissolving
o Cutting
o Breaking
o Ripping
What is chemical change and give examples of evidence of chemical change.
In a chemical change a new substance with new
properties is formed.
Evidence of chemical change is:
* Change in colour
* Gas forms (odour &/or bubbles)
* Change in temperature or light (change in energy)
* A precipitate (solid) forms from mixing of two
liquids
* Change is irreversible
tell me about electrons..
-charge
-mass
-space
-where they exist
-electrons carry a negative charge
-they have an extremely small mass
-they occupy a point in a very vast, empty amount of space
-electrons exist in orbits or shells
tell me about protons…
-charge
-size compared to electrons
-major part of atoms ___
-space they occupy
-protons carry positive charge
-1800 times larger than electrons.
-are a major part of the atom’s overall mass.
-occupy a very small space in the nucleus of the atom.
tell me about neutrons…
-charge
-relation to protons
-they are a major part of atoms __
-space they occupy
-neutrons have no charge and are neutral
-have a similar mass to protons.
-a major part of the atoms overall mass
-they occupy a very space in the nucleus of the atom
what is the atomic number?
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (little number top left)
what is the mass number?
the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus (bottom number below the letter(s))
metals
-what side are they found on
-properties of metals
-metals are blue
-found on the left side of the periodic table
-shiny in appearance
-solid at room temperature, except for mercury (a liquid)
-soft, malleable, ductile, and bendable
-react with acids, conduct heat and electricity
non-metals
-what side are they found on
-properties of non-metals
-non metals are red
-dull in appearance
-solids or gases at room temperature, except for bromine (liquid)
-brittle
-poor conductors of heat and electricity
metalloids
-properties of metalloids
-metalloids are green
-found between the metals and non-metals on the periodic table
-shiny or dull in appearance
-solid at room temperature
-brittle
-may conduct electricity but are poor conductors of heat
give 3 examples for each metals, non-metals, and metalloids
metals: gold, silver, titanium, mercury
non-metals: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
metalloids: silicon, boron, germanium
what are the families on the periodic table? (7)
-alkali
-alkaline earth metals
-halogens
-noble gases or inert gasses
-transition metals
-rare earth metals or lanthanides
-actinides
alkali metals
-column they’re found on
-they are the most…
-as with all metals, they are…
-found in the column 1 of the periodic table
-they are the most reactive metals
-they do not exist by themselves in nature
-as with all metals, they are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity
alkaline earth metals
-what kind of metals they are
-what column their found on
-are metallic elements found in column 2 of the periodic table
-they do no exist by themselves in nature
halogens
-kind of elements
-what column their found on
-the term halogen means “___” and compounds containing halogens are called “salts”
-halogens will readily react with other chemicals to form ___
-halogens form ___ of two paired atoms in their elemental form.
-the halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of ___
-the halogens group are non-metallic elements found in column 17 of the periodic table
-the term halogen means “salt-farmer” and compounds containing halogens are called “salts”
-halogens will readily react with other chemicals to form compounds
-halogens form molecules of two paired atoms in their elemental form.
-the halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter
noble gases or inert gases
-column they are found on
-the gases rarely react with other elements because …
-the noble gases are very ___ as a result
-they exist as single ___ in their ___ form
-the six noble gases are found in column 18 of the periodic table
-the gases rarely react with other elements because their valence shell is full
-the noble gases are very stable as a result
-they exist as single atoms in their elemental form
transition metals
-column they are found on
-as with all metals, they are…
-the 38 elements in column 3-12 of the periodic table are called transition metals
-as with all metals, they are ductile, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity
rare earth metals or lanthanides
-sometimes also called ___ series
-where they are found on the periodic table
-hard to find high ___ in nature
-used for ___, ___, and ideal properties for lasers
-slow to react with ___
-sometimes also called kinithanide series
-first row of elements in the bottom 2 rows of periodic table
-hard to find high concentration in nature
-used for electric, magnetic, and ideal properties for lasers
-slow to react with water
actinides
-they are often referred to ___ metals
-where they are found on the periodic table
-they are all ___
-used for their ___ energy properties
-some are ___ and ___ occurring (ex. uranium, thorium)
-some are ___ (ex. einsteinium, plutonium)
-they are often referred to heavy metals
-second row of elements in the bottom 2 rows of the periodic table
-they are all radioactive
-used for their nuclear energy properties
-some are abundant and naturally occurring (ex. uranium, thorium)
-some are synthetic (ex. einsteinium, plutonium)
what is matter? what is it made up of? what 2 things can matter be?
-matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
-matter is made up of many different materials
-matter can be:
a pure substance (one type) or mixture (multiple types)
where are elements found? they can either form? give an example
-they are found on the periodic table
-they can either form an atom (single unit of an element) or a molecule (multiple units of an element)
-ex. solid iron or oxygen gas
what are compounds? give an example
two or more different elements that are chemically joined. ex. carbon dioxide
Compound can be either ___ or ___. explain each, what they form, and give an example.
-compounds can be either ionic or molecular
-ionic compounds contain elements that include metal and non-metal atoms. they form repeating crystal structures. ex. single unit of salt
-molecular compounds contain elements that include only non-metal atoms. they form individual units. ex. a carbon dioxide atom
define mixture
a substance that is made up of at least two different types of particles. (you can visually see. ex. cereal)
define solution
a uniform mixture of two or more substances (you cannot visually see ex. apple juice)
