Lesson 4, 5, 6 Science Quiz #2 Review Flashcards
what particles compose of an atom?
protons = atomic number
neutrons = mass number - atomic number
electrons = atomic number
tell me about electrons..
-charge
-size of mass
-space they occupy
-where they exist
-electrons carry a negative charge
-they have an extremely small mass
-they occupy a point in a very vast, empty amount of space
-electrons exist in orbits or shells
tell me about protons…
-charge
-size compared to electrons
-they are a major part of atoms ___
-space they occupy in the atom
-protons carry positive charge
-1800 times larger than electrons.
-are a major part of the atom’s overall mass.
-occupy a very small space in the nucleus of the atom.
tell me about neutrons…
-their charge and are ___
-relation to protons
-they are a major part of atoms __
-space they occupy in the atom
-neutrons have no charge and are neutral
-have a similar mass to protons.
-a major part of the atoms overall mass
-they occupy a very space in the nucleus of the atom
what is the atomic number?
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (little number top left)
what is the mass number?
the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus (bottom number below the letter(s))
what does the bohr rutherford diagram represent?
a basic model a the atom.
bohr rutherford rules
-how many electrons in the first shell?
-how many electrons in both the second & third shell?
-how many electrons in the fourth shell?
-___ shells should be filled with electrons before ___ shells are occupied
-one should note the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
- 2 electrons in first shell
-8 electrons in second and third shells
-10 electrons in the fourth shell
-inner shells should be filled with electrons before outer shells are occupied
-one should note the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Create a bohr rutherford diagram for chlorine
atomic number - 17
atomic mass - 35.453
-17 protons
-18 neutrons
-17 electrons
what are the three types of elements on the periodic table?
-metals
-non-metals
-metalloids
metals
-what color are metals on the periodic table?
-found on the ___ side of the periodic table
-___ in appearance
-___ at room temperature, except for ___ (a liquid)
-(properties) ___, ___, ___, ___
-react with ___, conduct ___ and ___
-metals are blue
-found on the left side of the periodic table
-shiny in appearance
-solid at room temperature, except for mercury (a liquid)
-soft, malleable, ductile, and bendable
-react with acids, conduct heat and electricity
non-metals
-what colors are non metals
-found on the ___ side of the periodic table
-___ in appearance
-___ or ___ at room temperature, except for ___(liquid)
-(property) ___
-poor ___ of ___ and ___
-non metals are red
-dull in appearance
-solids or gases at room temperature, except for bromine (liquid)
-brittle
-poor conductors of heat and electricity
metalloids
-what colors are metalloids
-found between the ___ and ___ on the periodic table
-___ or ___ in appearance
-___ at room temperature
-(property)___
-may conduct ___ but are poor conductors of ___
-metalloids are green
-found between the metals and non-metals on the periodic table
-shiny or dull in appearance
-solid at room temperature
-brittle
-may conduct electricity but are poor conductors of heat
give 3 examples of metals
sodium, titanium, iron, silver, gold, mercury
give 3 examples of non-metals
helium, oxygen, carbon
give 3 examples of metalloids
silicon, boron, polonium, germanium
what are the families on the periodic table? (7)
-alkali
-alkaline earth metals
-halogens
-noble gases or inert gasses
-transition metals
-rare earth metals or lanthanides
-actinides
alkali metals
-what column are they found on the periodic table
-have how many electrons in the outer (valence) shell
-they are the most ___ metals
-they become more ___ as one travels down the periodic table column
-they do not exist by themselves in ___
-as with all metals, they are ___, ___, and good ___ of heat and electricity
-alkali metals group, found in the column ___ of the periodic table
-they have one electron in the outer (valence) shell
-they are the most reactive metals
-they become more reactive as one travels down the periodic table column
-they do not exist by themselves in nature
-as with all metals, they are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity
alkaline earth metals
-the alkaline earth metals are group are ___ elements found in column ___ of the periodic table
-all alkaline earth elements have ___ valence electrons making them very reactive, but less than column ___
-they do no exist by ___ in nature
-the alkaline earth metals are group are metallic elements found in column 2 of the periodic table
-all alkaline earth elements have 2 valence electrons making them very reactive, but less than column 1
-they do no exist by themselves in nature
halogens
-the halogens group are ___ elements found in column ___ of the periodic table
-the term halogen means “___” and compounds containing halogens are called “salts”
-all halogens have ___ electrons in their valence shells
-halogens will readily react with other chemicals to form ___
-halogens form ___ of two paired atoms in their elemental form.
-the halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of ___
-the halogens group are non-metallic elements found in column 17 of the periodic table
-the term halogen means “salt-farmer” and compounds containing halogens are called “salts”
-all halogens have 7 electrons in their valence shells
-halogens will readily react with other chemicals to form compounds
-halogens form molecules of two paired atoms in their elemental form.
-the halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter
noble gases or inert gases
-the six noble gases are found in column ___ of the periodic table
-the gases rarely react with other elements because …
-the noble gases are very ___ as a result
-they exist as single ___ in their ___ form
-the six noble gases are found in column 18 of the periodic table
-the gases rarely react with other elements because their valence shell is full
-the noble gases are very stable as a result
-they exist as single atoms in their elemental form
transition metals
-the ___ (a number) elements in column ___-___ of the periodic table are called transition metals
-as with all metals, they are ___, ___, and good ___ of heat and electricity
-the 38 elements in column 3-12 of the periodic table are called transition metals
-as with all metals, they are ductile, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity
rare earth metals or lanthanides
-sometimes also called ___ series
-___ row of elements in the bottom 2 rows of periodic table
-hard to find high ___ in nature
-used for ___, ___, and ideal properties for lasers
-slow to react with ___
-sometimes also called kinithanide series
-first row of elements in the bottom 2 rows of periodic table
-hard to find high concentration in nature
-used for electric, magnetic, and ideal properties for lasers
-slow to react with water
actinides
-they are often referred to ___ metals
-___ row of elements in the bottom 2 rows of the periodic table
-they are all ___
-used for their ___ energy properties
-some are ___ and ___ occurring (ex. uranium, thorium)
-some are ___ (ex. einsteinium, plutonium)
-they are often referred to heavy metals
-second row of elements in the bottom 2 rows of the periodic table
-they are all radioactive
-used for their nuclear energy properties
-some are abundant and naturally occurring (ex. uranium, thorium)
-some are synthetic (ex. einsteinium, plutonium)
what is matter? what is it made up of? what 2 things can matter be?
-matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
-matter is made up of many different materials
-matter can be:
a pure substance (one type) or mixture (multiple types)
where are elements found? they can either form? give an example
-they are found on the periodic table
-they can either form an atom (single unit of an element) or a molecule (multiple units of an element)
-ex. solid iron or oxygen gas
what are compounds? give an example
two or more different elements that are chemically joined. ex. carbon dioxide
Compound can be either ___ or ___. explain each, what they form, and give an example.
-compounds can be either ionic or molecular
-ionic compounds contain elements that include metal and non-metal atoms. they form repeating crystal structures. ex. single unit of salt
-molecular compounds contain elements that include only non-metal atoms. they form individual units. ex. a carbon dioxide atom
