Geography chapter 4 Test

Question 1

what are natural resources

Answer 1

things are found in total stock that people find useful

Question 2

what is total stock?

Answer 2

all parts of the natural environment including energy, living organisms, and non-living materials

Question 3

what are the four types of resources?

Answer 3

renewable resources, non-renewable resources, flow resources, other resources

Question 4

difference between renewable and non renewable resources

Answer 4

renewable: -replenished my nature
non-renewable: -created by nature
-long time to create
-important categories fossil fuels (living) and minerals (non living)

Question 5

strip mining

Answer 5

removal of surface layers to mine coal.

Question 6

flow resources are… (2 + ex)

Answer 6

-constantly being produced by nature
-supply can not be damaged from human interference
-ex. sunlight, wind and water currents

Question 7

other resources are…

Answer 7

-resources that do not fit into one of the other categories
-ex. tourism brings businesses to Canada (ex. Niagara falls)

Question 8

how we use resources is a direct result on how we think about them. rethinking needs to happen among three groups:

Answer 8

individuals, companies, governments

Question 9

rethinking by companies - by law, people who run companies have two responsibilities, which are…

Answer 9

1. legal responsibility - maximize financial returns to their owners
2. must obey the laws of the country and province in which they operate

Question 10

what is the difference between carrot and stick in waste disposal?

Answer 10

carrot: reward. providing opportunities and incentives, such as tax rebates. ex. grant

stick: punishment. many don’t cooperate with recycling, so governments use laws for free changes.

ex. only one house can put 1 or 2 bags of garbage. if you want/need more you need to pay additional

Question 11

what is the difference between carrot and stick in fuel economy?

Answer 11

carrot - publishing fuel consumption encourages automakers and consumers to go towards vehicles that minimize fuel usage
stick - laws and standards being set for fuel usage has changed, carbon tax

Question 12

what is the balanced approach?

Answer 12

-conservation
-using resources wisely
-balance jobs and resources

Question 13

are electric cars solving or just exporting the problem?

Answer 13

-exporting because they both contribute to climate change and have pros and cons. (neither are perfectly eco friendly)
-electric: lithium & cobalt extraction
-gas: air pollution/ green house gas emissions, oil spills

Question 14

resource

Answer 14

anything that can be used to produce goods and services, such as raw materials workers, money, and land

Question 15

open pit mining

Answer 15

drilling a very large and deep whole into the ground to mine minerals.

Question 16

flow resources

Answer 16

resources that are replaced by natural actions and must be used when and where they occur or be lost

Question 17

conservation

Answer 17

the wise use of resources

Question 18

mining the resource

Answer 18

exploiting any renewable resource in an unsustainable way

Question 19

sustainable yeild management

Answer 19

-managing a renewable resource to ensure amount harvested does not cause depletion.
-the harvest is equal to or less than amount replenished

Question 20

old-growth forest

Answer 20

a forest that has never been logged

Question 21

aquaculture

Answer 21

fish farming

Question 22

inshore fishery

Answer 22

commercial fishing carried out close to shore in small, independently owned boats

Question 23

offshore fishery

Answer 23

commercial fishing carried out farther from shore in larger company-owned boats.

Question 24

reserves

Answer 24

how much of a resource is thought to be in the ground, based on exploration to date

Question 25

production

Answer 25

how much of a resource is being taken from the ground each year

Question 26

oil sands/tar sands

Answer 26

deposits of sand containing a heavy form of crude oil called bitumen

Question 27

fracking

Answer 27

a variety of techniques used to break up shale layers below the surface to liberate natural gas or oil that has been trapped. injecting a mixture of water, sand and dozens of chemicals in the well usually breaks up the rock.

Question 28

ore

Answer 28

rock that contains valuable metallic minerals to make mining profitable

Question 29

mineral reserve

Answer 29

a mineral reserve that can be mined profitably

Question 30

globalization

Answer 30

something that is done global rather than local

Question 31

knowledge-based industries

Answer 31

-manufacturing based on a well educated work force -quaternary industries

Question 32

free trade

Answer 32

international trade with tariffs or other barriers into trade

Question 33

tariff

Answer 33

tax applied to imported goods to protect domestic manufactures by making foreign goods more expensive

Question 34

basic job vs non basic

Answer 34

basic: job that brings money into economy from elsewhere ex. niagra falls non-basic: job that circulates within an economy ex. hairdresser

Question 35

where are things made today?

Answer 35

things are made in developing countries due to cheaper labor...

Question 36

multiplier effect

Answer 36

increase in total wealth or income that occurs when new money is injected into an economy

Question 37

difference between metallic and non metallic minerals

Answer 37

metallic: -metals ex. gold non metallic: non metal ex. salt sand diamond

Question 38

underground mining

Answer 38

using tunnels & shafts to extract oil and mineral ores.

Question 39

primary industry

Answer 39

getting - taking natural resources from the earth and turning them into unfinished products ex. mining steel

Question 40

secondary industry

Answer 40

making - taking unfinished products and making them into finished products ex. assembling steel and other products to make the car

Question 41

tertiary industry

Answer 41

providing - provides services to businesses and customers ex. finance, fuel

Question 42

quaternary industry

Answer 42

knowledge - highly specialized knowledge based services. ex. engineers that design cars

Question 43

pros and cons of free trade (3e)

Answer 43

pros: -good for companies -labor is cheap -companies maximize costs and make profits -few factories around world cons: -not good for canadian workers -not good for towns located near factories -local economies suffer